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Aggregation bias-correcting approach to the health-income relationship: Life expectancy and GDP per capita in 148 countries, 1970-2010

机译:卫生收入关系的总体偏差校正方法:1970年至2010年148个国家的预期寿命和人均GDP

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摘要

A large amount of data consisting of 148 countries for the years 1970 to 2010 is analysed in the context of the health income relationship. The literature suggests that the biased income health effect obtained with macro data can be a result of the aggregation of individual concave income functions on average health. This aggregation problem is analysed in detail, and a bias-correcting method is proposed to overcome it. The results with new model alternatives show that they correct the income effects on average health in the right direction; that is, they produce smaller parameter estimates than biased models. Augmenting the results with the quantile regression approach, which is sensitive to health differences between countries, indicates that the poorest countries' income gradient is still much larger than that of rich countries. However, the median life expectancy effect of the log of GDP per capita across the countries decreased during the sample decennials. The results for income inequality measured with the Gini coefficient indicate that the effects of inequality on health are still significant in the poorest countries but non-significant among rich countries after the year 2000. We argue that the proposed bias-correcting method retains the interest in macro health modelling and offers new model alternatives in other contexts.
机译:在健康收入关系的背景下,分析了1970年至2010年由148个国家组成的大量数据。文献表明,通过宏观数据获得的偏向收入健康效应可能是个体凹入收入函数对平均健康状况的聚集的结果。对该聚集问题进行了详细分析,并提出了一种偏差校正方法来克服它。新的模型替代方法的结果表明,它们可以正确地纠正收入对平均健康的影响;也就是说,与偏向模型相比,它们产生的参数估计值更小。对国家间健康差异敏感的分位数回归方法增加了结果,表明最贫穷国家的收入梯度仍远大于富裕国家。但是,在抽样的十年中,各国人均GDP的对数的平均预期寿命影响在下降。用基尼系数衡量的收入不平等的结果表明,不平等对健康的影响在最贫穷的国家中仍然很显着,但在富裕国家中在2000年之后不显着。我们认为,所提出的偏差校正方法保留了对收入的关注。宏健康模型,并在其他情况下提供新的模型替代方案。

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