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Depth distributions of Fucus uesiculosus L. and Zostera marina L. as classification parameters for implementing the European Water Framework Directive on the German Baltic coast

机译:褐藻(Fusus uesiculosus L.)和褐藻(Zostera marina L.)的深度分布作为在德国波罗的海沿岸实施欧洲水框架指令的分类参数

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A classification approach was developed within the European Water Framework Directive for the outer coastal waters of the German Baltic Sea. We concentrated on the known recent presence and depth distribution of Zostera marina and Fucus uesiculosus along the German coast. According to the European Water Framework Directive the reference conditions were reconstructed based on historical data. The available databases indicate that both species formerly occurred down to 10 m depth along the whole German Baltic Sea coastline, independent on the salinity gradient. The recent depth distribution of Z. marina varied between 2.5 and 7.9 m along the German Baltic coast. Dense F. uesiculosus stands were observed only along the western part of this coast at a maximum depth of 4.7 m. Comparing the historical data sets with recent findings reveals a strong decline of depth limits for both species during the last century. Therefore, we used both species to describe the degradation of the Baltic Sea coastal waters using change in the depth distribution. The boundaries of the ecological status according to the Water Framework Directive were calculated based on modelling. Ecophysiological light demands of species and decrease of water transparency (light reduction in percent) were used to describe the degradations. This approach is robust against variation of macrophyte light requirements and is straightforward to classify recent long-term macrophyte monitoring. However, it is very sensitive against changes in the depth distribution and may result in erroneous estimations of ecological class boundaries when insufficient historical data are used as reference. This model allows the adaption of the boundaries calculations to new knowledge about historical data and ecophysiological light demand of plants. Actually, the boundaries of the classification were denned as follows: 1% light reduction represents the transition from high/pristine to good ecological status, and 5% indicates the transition from good to moderate status. At least 25% reduction corresponds to a poor status, more than 75% to a bad status.
机译:欧洲水框架指令针对德国波罗的海的沿海近海开发了一种分类方法。我们集中研究了沿德国海岸的Zostera码头和Fucus uesiculosus的近期已知分布和深度分布。根据欧洲水框架指令,参考条件是根据历史数据重建的。现有的数据库表明,这两个物种以前都沿着整个德国波罗的海海岸线向下出现了10 m的深度,而与盐度梯度无关。沿德国波罗的海海岸,Z。marina的近期深度分布在2.5至7.9 m之间变化。仅在该海岸的西部以4.7 m的最大深度观察到密集的F. uesiculosus林分。将历史数据集与最新发现进行比较后发现,在上个世纪,这两个物种的深度极限都大大下降。因此,我们使用两种物种通过深度分布的变化来描述波罗的海沿岸水域的退化。在建模的基础上,根据《水框架指令》计算了生态状况的边界。物种的生态生理光需求和水透明度的降低(光百分比降低)用于描述退化。这种方法对大型植物光需求的变化具有鲁棒性,并且可以直接对近期的长期大型植物监测进行分类。但是,它对深度分布的变化非常敏感,当使用不足的历史数据作为参考时,可能会导致对生态类别边界的错误估计。该模型允许边界计算适应有关植物的历史数据和生态生理光需求的新知识。实际上,分类的边界定义如下:1%的减光表示从高/原始状态过渡到良好的生态状态,而5%的降低表示从良好/原始状态过渡到中度状态。至少降低25%对应于不良状态,超过75%对应于不良状态。

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