My starting point is a conviction that in countries like Britain full employment as we have known it will never return. So far as employers are concerned, a combination of new economic, social and technological factors has made it uneconomic for them to provide jobs for all. An increasingly competitive international labour market combined with the rising — and justified — demands of employees for decent pay and working conditions (as under the European Social Charter) is compelling employers to replace employees with labour-saving technologies, which themselves are becoming continually more effective.
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