Twisted gastrulation is required for forebrain specification and cooperates with Chordin to inhibit BMP signaling during X. tropicalis gastrulation

摘要

Inthedevelopingvertebrateembryo,properdorsalndash;ventralpatterningreliesonBMPantagonistssecretedbytheorganizerduringgastrulation.TheBMPantagonistchordinhasacomplexinteractionwithBMPsthatisgovernedinpartbyitsinteractionwiththesecretedproteintwistedgastrulation(tsg).Indifferentcontexts,tsghasactivityaseitheraBMPagonistorasaBMPantagonist.UsingmorpholinooligonucleotidesinemXenopustropicalis/em,weshowthatreducingtsggeneproductresultsinaventralizedembryo,andthattsgmorphantsspecificallylackaforebrain.WeprovidenewevidencethattsgactsasaBMPantagonistduringemX.tropicalis/emgastrulationsincethetsgdepletionphenotypecanberescuedintwoways:bychordinoverexpressionandbyBMPdepletion.WeconcludethattsgactsasaBMPantagonistinthecontextofthefroggastrula,andthatitactscooperativelywithchordintoestablishdorsalstructuresandparticularlyforebraintissueduringdevelopment./p/div