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Late AGB Magnetic Cycles: Magnetohydrodynamic Solutions for the Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Nebula Rings

机译:晚期AGB磁循环:哈勃太空望远镜行星状星云环的磁流体动力学解决方案

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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has revealed the existence of multiple, regularly spaced, and faint concentric shells around some planetary nebulae. Here we present two- (and a half) dimensional magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations of the effects of a solar-like magnetic cycle, with periodic polarity inversions, in the slow wind of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. The stellar wind is modeled with a steady mass-loss at constant velocity. This simple version of a solar-like cycle, without mass-loss variations, is able to reproduce many properties of the observed concentric rings. The shells are formed by pressure oscillations, which drive compressions in the magnetized wind. These pressure oscillations are due to periodic variations in the field intensity. The periodicity of the shells, then, is simply a half of the magnetic cycle since each shell is formed when the magnetic pressure goes to zero during the polarity inversion. As a consequence of the steady mass-loss rate, the density of the shells scales as r-2, and their surface brightness has a steeper drop-off, as observed in the shells of NGC 6543, the best documented case of these HST rings. Deviations from sphericity can be generated by changing the strength of the magnetic field. For sufficiently strong fields, a series of symmetric and equidistant blobs are formed at the polar axis, resembling the ones observed in He 2-90. These blobs are originated by magnetic collimation within the expanding AGB wind.
机译:哈勃太空望远镜(HST)揭示了一些行星状星云周围存在多个规则间隔且微弱的同心壳。在这里,我们介绍了在渐近大分支(AGB)恒星的慢风中具有周期性极性反转的类太阳磁循环效应的二维(半)磁流体动力学数值模拟。以恒速下的稳定质量损失模拟恒星风。这种类似太阳周期的简单形式,没有质量损失的变化,能够再现观察到的同心环的许多特性。壳体由压力振荡形成,该压力振荡驱动磁化风中的压缩。这些压力振荡归因于场强的周期性变化。因此,壳的周期性只是磁循环的一半,因为每个壳都是在极性反转期间磁压变为零时形成的。作为稳定的质量损失速率的结果,壳的密度缩放为r-2,并且它们的表面亮度下降更陡峭,如NGC 6543的壳所观察到的,这是这些HST环的最佳文献记录。通过改变磁场强度可以产生与球形度的偏差。对于足够强的场,在极轴上会形成一系列对称且等距的斑点,类似于He 2-90中观察到的斑点。这些斑点是由不断扩大的AGB风中的磁准直作用引起的。

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