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Backward Dependencies and in-Situ wh-Questions as Test Cases on How to Approach Experimental Linguistics Research That Pursues Theoretical Linguistics Questions

机译:向后依赖性和原位疑问作为测试语言的测试案例,这些方法如何进行理论语言学问题的实验语言学研究

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The empirical study of language is a young field in contemporary linguistics. This being the case, and following a natural development process, the field is currently at a stage where different research methods and experimental approaches are being put into question in terms of their validity. Without pretending to provide an answer with respect to the best way to conduct linguistics related experimental research, in this article we aim at examining the process that researchers follow in the design and implementation of experimental linguistics research with a goal to validate specific theoretical linguistic analyses. First, we discuss the general challenges that experimental work faces in finding a compromise between addressing theoretically relevant questions and being able to implement these questions in a specific controlled experimental paradigm. We discuss the Granularity Mismatch Problem (Poeppel and Embick, 2005) which addresses the challenges that research that is trying to bridge the representations and computations of language and their psycholinguisticeurolinguistic evidence faces, and the basic assumptions that interdisciplinary research needs to consider due to the different conceptual granularity of the objects under study. To illustrate the practical implications of the points addressed, we compare two approaches to perform linguistic experimental research by reviewing a number of our own studies strongly grounded on theoretically informed questions. First, we show how linguistic phenomena similar at a conceptual level can be tested within the same language using measurement of event-related potentials (ERP) by discussing results from two ERP experiments on the processing of long-distance backward dependencies that involve coreference and negative polarity items respectively in Dutch. Second, we examine how the same linguistic phenomenon can be tested in different languages using reading time measures by discussing the outcome of four self-paced reading experiments on the processing of in-situ wh-questions in Mandarin Chinese and French. Finally, we review the implications that our findings have for the specific theoretical linguistics questions that we originally aimed to address. We conclude with an overview of the general insights that can be gained from the role of structural hierarchy and grammatical constraints in processing and the existing limitations on the generalization of results.
机译:语言的经验研究是当代语言学的一个年轻领域。在这种情况下,随着自然发展过程的发展,该领域目前处于一个阶段,在此阶段,各种研究方法和实验方法的有效性受到质疑。在不假装就进行语言学相关实验研究的最佳方法提供答案的情况下,本文旨在研究研究人员在设计和实施实验语言学研究中遵循的过程,以验证特定的理论语言学分析。首先,我们讨论了实验工作在寻找解决理论上相关的问题和能够在特定的受控实验范式中实现这些问题之间的折衷方案时面临的一般挑战。我们讨论了粒度不匹配问题(Poeppel和Embick,2005年),该问题解决了试图弥合语言及其心理语言/神经语言学证据面孔的表示和计算研究的挑战,以及跨学科研究需要考虑的基本假设研究对象的不同概念粒度。为了说明这些要点的实际含义,我们通过回顾我们大量基于理论知识的研究,比较了两种进行语言实验研究的方法。首先,我们通过讨论两次处理涉及共指和负数的长距离后向依存关系的ERP实验的结果,展示了如何使用事件相关电位(ERP)的测量方法在同一语言中使用相同语言测试在概念层面上类似的语言现象。极性项目分别用荷兰语表示。其次,我们讨论了四个以自定进度的阅读实验对普通话和法语进行现场问语处理的结果,从而探讨了如何使用阅读时间度量来测试同一语言现象在不同语言中的使用。最后,我们回顾了我们的发现对我们最初旨在解决的特定理论语言学问题的影响。最后,我们概述了可以从结构层次结构和语法约束在处理中的作用以及对结果概括的现有限制中获得的一般见解。

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