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School of Thoughts of the Essentialist Philosophers on the Aims of Education, Role of Education and the Focus of Education: Implications for Curriculum Development and Practice in Ghana

机译:本质主义哲学家思想学院关于教育的目标,教育的作用和教育的重点:对加纳课程开发和实践的启示

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The aim of this paper is to discuss comprehensively the school of thoughts of the essentialist philosopher on the aims of education, the role of education and the focus of education. Again, the discussion would pay attention to examine the implications of the essentialism to curriculum development and practice. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the “essentials” which means the “main things” of academic knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach. Essentialists believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. From the Essentialist point of view, the aim of education is to equip students with common core or the “basic” of information and skills needed for the promotion of citizenship. According to the Essentialist, the role of education is the transition of a common body of knowledge, skills, concepts and traditions from generation to learners in order to transform them to meaningfully and constructively contribute democratically to the society. The essentialist focus on intellectual training in the areas of grammar, literature and writing, mathematics, sciences, history and modern foreign language. On the implication for curriculum development and practice, the essentialist places emphasis on core curriculum, the curriculum is developed around the teacher rather than the learner, the mastery of content matter of an essential knowledge as a yardstick before moving on to the next level, placing less emphasis on non-academic subjects such as; Vocational education, Physical Education, Arts and Music and eventually ensuring that the curriculum focuses on grouping students according to their intellectual ability.
机译:本文的目的是就教育的目的,教育的作用和教育的重点全面讨论本质主义哲学家的思想流派。再次,讨论将注意研究本质主义对课程发展和实践的影响。在这个哲学思想流派中,其目的是向学生灌输“必需品”,这意味着学术知识的“主要内容”,制定一种从基础到基本的方法。本质主义者认为,有一个共同的知识核心,需要以系统的,有纪律的方式传播给学生。从本质主义者的观点来看,教育的目的是使学生具备促进公民权所需的共同核心或“基本”信息和技能。根据“本质主义者”的观点,教育的作用是将知识,技能,概念和传统的共同体从一代过渡到学习者,以使它们转化为对社会有意义和建设性的贡献。本质主义者着重于语法,文学与写作,数学,科学,历史和现代外语领域的智力训练。关于对课程开发和实践的影响,本质主义者强调核心课程,课程是围绕教师而不是学习者发展的,掌握基本知识的内容是作为衡量标准的标准,然后再进行下一个层次的学习,较少强调非学术科目,例如;职业教育,体育,艺术和音乐,并最终确保课程着重于根据学生的智力进行分组。

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