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Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III

机译:恐惧恐惧中的性别差异:《恐惧症问卷》的项目级分析

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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in fear of pain (FOP) measured by the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III) in a nonclinical sample. The FPQ-III is a self-report inventory measuring FOP, with 30 items, divided into three subscales: Severe, Minor and Medical Pain. Methods: A total of 185 subjects participated (49.7% females) in this study. Sex differences on overall FOP, the subscales, and at item level were examined. One-way analysis of variance tested the association between sex and FOP, measured by overall FOP and the subscales. Ordinal regression analysis enabled item-level analysis of the FPQ-III and was conducted to explore further specificity of FOP in males compared to females. Results: Overall FOP and fear of Severe Pain was significantly higher in females than in males, as measured by the FPQ-Total and the FPQ-Severe. Moreover, females were more likely to report higher FOP than males on 16 items ( p <0.05). Further inspection revealed that females scored significantly higher than males on all items on the Severe Pain subscale. When controlling for multiple comparisons six items reached significance ( p <0.001). Five of these items belonged to the subscale Severe Pain. When controlling for overall FOP one item, also from the Severe Pain subscale, reached significance ( p <0.001). Conclusion: There are sex differences in severe FOP, with higher FOP in females compared to males. Potential explanations are sex differences in the 1) psychosocial mechanisms of fear and anxiety, and 2) emotional reactions to and interpretation of FPQ-III Severe Pain items.
机译:目的:本研究旨在调查在非临床样本中通过“恐惧恐惧问卷”(FPQ-III)衡量的对恐惧恐惧症(FOP)的性别差异。 FPQ-III是一种自我报告库存测量FOP,共有30个项目,分为三个分量表:严重,轻微和医疗疼痛。方法:共有185名受试者(女性占49.7%)参加了这项研究。检查了总体FOP,分量表和项目级别的性别差异。单因素方差分析测试了性别与FOP之间的关联,该关联由总体FOP和分量表衡量。序数回归分析可对FPQ-III进行项目级分析,并进行了探索,以探讨男性与女性相比FOP的进一步特异性。结果:根据FPQ-Total和FPQ-Severe的测量,女性的总体FOP和对严重疼痛的恐惧明显高于男性。此外,在16个项目中,女性比男性更有可能报告更高的FOP(p <0.05)。进一步检查发现,在严重疼痛分量表中,所有项目的女性得分均明显高于男性。当控制多个比较时,有六个项目达到显着性(p <0.001)。这些项目中有五个属于严重疼痛分量表。当控制总体FOP时,一项也是来自“重度疼痛”分量表的一项达到了显着性(p <0.001)。结论:严重FOP存在性别差异,女性FOP高于男性。可能的解释是:1)恐惧和焦虑的社会心理机制中的性别差异,以及2)对FPQ-III严重疼痛项目的情绪反应和解释。

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