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Water impacts and water-climate goal conflicts of local energy choices – notes from a Swedish perspective

机译:水的影响和当地能源选择的水气候目标冲突–瑞典的观点

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To meet both the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), nations, sectors, counties and cities need to move towards a sustainable energy system in the next couple of decades. Such energy system transformations will impact water resources to varying extents, depending on the transformation strategy and fuel choices. Sweden is considered to be one of the most advanced countries towards meeting the SDGs. This paper explores the geographical origin of and the current water use associated with the supply of energy in the 21 regional counties of Sweden. These energy-related uses of water represent indirect, but still relevant, impacts for water management and the related SDG on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6). These indirect water impacts are here quantified and compared to reported quantifications of direct local water use, as well as to reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as one example of other types of environmental impacts of local energy choices in each county. For each county, an accounting model is set up based on data for the local energy use in year 2010, and the specific geographical origins and water use associated with these locally used energy carriers (fuels, heat and electricity) are further estimated and mapped based on data reported in the literature and open databases. Results show that most of the water use associated with the local Swedish energy use occurs outside of Sweden. Counties with large shares of liquid biofuel exhibit the largest associated indirect water use in regions outside of Sweden. This indirect water use for energy supply does not unambiguously correlate with either the local direct water use or the local GHG emissions, although for the latter, there is a tendency towards an inverse relation. Overall, the results imply that actions for mitigation of climate change by local energy choices may significantly affect water resources elsewhere. Swedish counties are thus important examples of localities with large geographic zones of water influence due to their local energy choices, which may compromise water security and the possibility to meet water-related global goals in other world regions.
机译:为了实现《巴黎气候变化协定》和联合国可持续发展目标(SDG),国家,部门,县和城市需要在未来几十年中朝着可持续能源系统发展。根据转换策略和燃料选择,这种能源系统的转换将在不同程度上影响水资源。瑞典被认为是实现可持续发展目标的最先进国家之一。本文探讨了瑞典21个地区县的地理起源以及与能源供应相关的当前用水情况。这些与能源有关的用水代表了对水管理和相关的可持续发展目标对清洁水和环境卫生的间接影响,但仍具有相关性(可持续发展目标6)。这些间接的水影响在此进行了量化,并与已报告的直接对当地用水的量化以及已报告的温室气体(GHG)排放进行了比较,以此作为每个县当地能源选择对环境的其他类型影响的一个例子。对于每个县,将基于2010年当地能源使用的数据建立会计模型,并根据这些当地使用的能源载体(燃料,热能和电力)的具体地理位置和用水量进一步估算和制图有关文献和开放式数据库中报告的数据的信息。结果表明,与瑞典当地能源使用相关的大部分用水都发生在瑞典以外。液体生物燃料份额较大的县在瑞典以外的地区显示出最大的间接用水量。用于能源供应的这种间接用水不会与当地直接用水或当地温室气体排放明确相关,尽管对于后者而言,存在反比关系的趋势。总体而言,这些结果表明,通过当地能源选择来缓解气候变化的行动可能会严重影响其他地方的水资源。因此,由于各州的能源选择,瑞典县成为水影响地理区域较大的地区的重要例子,这可能会损害水的安全性,并有可能在其他世界地区实现与水有关的全球目标。

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