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Alphabet as a Political Choice. Paleoasiatic Languages and Their Alphabets

机译:字母表作为一种政治选择。古生语言及其字母

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The Latin alphabet was initially chosen in opposition to Cyrillic: the latter was considered, at the dawn of the Soviet era, a legacy of the Russian imperial culture. Later a considerable change in this perspective took place and Cyrillic was revalued as the alphabet of all the Soviet peoples. For example, Latin writing used for Koryak was replaced in 1938 by Cyrillic and the same happened with languages of Central Asia, a choice more political than cultural, evident also in the changes that took place in post Soviet times. These facts clearly show that the perception of the value of writing systems has changed in contemporary society. Nevertheless, Paleosiberian languages, divided into three groups (plus some isolated languages), have difficulty writing some of their phonemes in Cyrillic, thus demonstrating the change from Latin to Cyrillic was not painless.As a matter of fact, the Cyrillic alphabet does not like diacritics and usually, in its standard version, writes lacking phonemes using a combination of letters: a typical situation in many northern and eastern Caucasian languages. This choice has consequences especially when it is applied to polysyntetic, incorporating and agglutinative languages because the writing is very heavy. In this case a compromise takes place: it involves the use of some Latin letters, the introduction of some special signs, Cyrillic letters with particular values and also the presence of diacritics. A result of all this can be found in transliteration: ISO 9 is still not used for these languages.
机译:最初选择拉丁字母来反对西里尔字母:在苏联时代初期,后者被认为是俄罗斯帝国文化的遗产。后来,这种观点发生了重大变化,西里尔字母被重新估价为所有苏维埃人民的字母。例如,用于科里亚克语的拉丁文字在1938年被西里尔字母所取代,中亚的语言也发生了同样的情况,中亚的语言比政治的更具政治性,这在后苏联时代的变化中也很明显。这些事实清楚地表明,在当代社会中,人们对书写系统的价值观念已经发生了变化。尽管如此,分成三类(加上一些孤立的语言)的古西伯利亚语言很难用西里尔字母写一些音素,因此证明从拉丁语到西里尔字母的转换并不是很容易的事情。事实上,西里尔字母并不喜欢变音符号,通常在其标准版本中,使用字母组合来书写缺少音素的情况:这是许多北部和东部高加索语种的典型情况。这种选择会产生后果,特别是在将其应用于多句法,并入和凝集语言时,因为写作非常繁琐。在这种情况下,折衷方案发生:涉及使用一些拉丁字母,引入一些特殊符号,具有特定值的西里尔字母以及变音符号的存在。所有这些的结果可以在音译中找到:ISO 9仍未用于这些语言。

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