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Efficient continuous removal of nitrates from water with cationic cellulose nanopaper membranes

机译:阳离子纤维素纳米纸膜有效地连续去除水中的硝酸盐

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Nitrates constitute a severe problem for the quality of potable water. The removal of nitrates from water can be performed utilizing continuously operating cellulose nanopaper ion-exchangers, which so far are unfortunately of only moderate efficiency. Here we demonstrate cationic cellulose nanopapers comprising cellulose nanofibrils carrying a high amount of ammonium groups (1.6?g?mmol?1, i.e. 0.62?mmol?g?1), which are anticipated to enable efficient removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. Thin nanopapers were shown to have high adsorption capacities. Therefore we prepared low grammage nanopapers using a papermaking process from cellulose nanofibrils prepared from paper mill sludge. The performance of these cationic nanopapers was characterized by their permeance, with these new cationic nanopapers having a permeance of more than 100?L?m?2?h?1?MPa?1, which is far greater than the permeance of conventional nanopapers. Furthermore, nitrate ions were successfully removed from water by capturing them through adsorption onto the cationic nanopaper by primarily an ion-exchange mechanism. These cationic nanopapers possessed adsorption capacities of almost 300?mg?g?1, which is superior to commonly used nanopaper ion-exchangers and batch-wise applied adsorbents. Utilization of an industrial side-stream in combination with very good membrane performance demonstrates the use of resource efficient technologies in an important sector.
机译:硝酸盐构成饮用水质量的严重问题。可以使用连续操作的纤维素纳米纸离子交换剂从水中去除硝酸盐,但不幸的是,到目前为止,这些离子交换剂仅具有中等效率。在这里,我们演示了阳离子纤维素纳米纸,其中包含带有大量铵基(1.6?g?mmol ?1 ,即0.62?mmol?g ?1 )的纤维素纳米原纤维,预计可以从水溶液中有效去除硝酸根离子。薄的纳米纸被证明具有高吸附能力。因此,我们使用造纸工艺污泥制备的纤维素纳米原纤维,通过造纸工艺制备了低克重纳米纸。这些阳离子纳米纸的性能以其渗透性为特征,这些新型阳离子纳米纸的渗透率大于100?L?m ?2 ?h ?1 ?MPa ?1 ,远大于常规纳米纸的渗透率。此外,通过主要通过离子交换机制吸附到阳离子纳米纸上而捕获硝酸根离子,从而成功地从水中去除了硝酸根离子。这些阳离子纳米纸的吸附容量接近300?mg?g ?1 ,优于常用的纳米纸离子交换剂和分批应用的吸附剂。工业支流的利用与非常好的膜性能相结合,证明了在重要领域中使用了资源高效的技术。

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