Recurrent atmospheric discharges from port operations: A problem of environmental management in the port of Santos, Brazil

摘要

The objective of this research is to investigate the dimension of the problem of recurrent atmospheric emissions from the naval activity in the port of Santos, considering the future movements of ships and trucks and the consequences of the probable expansion of the port. In combination with an emission factor that states the mass of an emitted pollutant related to either the work produced by ships’ engines or the mass of combusted fuel, the total emitted mass of a pollutant can be established. The size distribution of particles is potentially important in impact assessments since there are indications that fine and ultrafine particles are associated with higher health risks than coarse particles. The results from the impact assessments are in favor of abatement technologies like selective catalytic reduction (SCR), a shore-side electricity (SSE) connection, and the use of fuel with a low sulfur content from a local and regional cost–benefit perspective.