Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithms for Establishing Nash Equilibrium in Symmetric Cournot Games

摘要

We use coevolutionary genetic algorithms to model the players' learning process in several Cournot models and evaluate them in terms of their convergence to the Nash Equilibrium. The “social-learning” versions of the two coevolutionary algorithms we introduce establish Nash Equilibrium in those models, in contrast to the “individual learning” versions which, do not imply the convergence of the players' strategies to the Nash outcome. When players use “canonical coevolutionary genetic algorithms” as learning algorithms, the process of the game is an ergodic Markov Chain; we find that in the “social” cases states leading to NE play are highly frequent at the stationary distribution of the chain, in contrast to the “individual learning” case, when NE is not reached at all in our simulations; and finally we show that a large fraction of the games played are indeed at the Nash Equilibrium.