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Assessment of the Chemical Quality of PotableWater Sources in Abuja, Nigeria

机译:尼日利亚阿布贾饮用水源化学质量评估

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Aims: To determine the level of some chemical parameters in samples of 5 potable water sources namely, tap, borehole, open well, sachet water, and bottled water. To further compare results with WHO (2011) standards to ascertain safety of water sources within the study area.Study Design: Collection and analysis of samples from potable water sources.Place and Duration of Study: 16 settlements within the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) constitute the study area. Sample collection took place during the dry season months of January – March 2011 to avoid the possibility of contamination of some water sources from runoff.Methodology: Stratified random sampling technique was adopted for sample collection from 16 settlements; one each from four identified categories of settlement within the study area. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum values were computed for every chemical parameter for each sampling location.Results: The results reveal that pH, NO3, Cu, Al, TOT-N and Fe are not limiting factors to the quality of drinking water in the study area; the levels of Cd, Bicarbonate, NH4-N, Mn, Zn, As, Cr and Pb concentration in water samples are above the safety limit set by the WHO (2011); pH, SO4, NO3-, TOT-P and HCO3-, Cl in open well samples have slightly higher values than in samples of the other four sources of potable water. Borehole and sachet water samples have slightly higher SO4 values; bottled and tap water samples have the highest values of HCO3-, among others. Increasing anthropogenic activities that result in pollution are attributed to these levels of water contamination at the study area.Conclusion: There is need for Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to focus on promoting the safety of potable water, most especially the sachet and bottle water sources; periodic, unannounced inspections should be conducted on facilities producing sachet and bottled water to ensure that standards are highly maintained. Lastly, efficient management of water resources in Nigeria’s urban and peri-urban centers is increasingly becoming necessary if the health and well-being of the residents is of utmost importance.
机译:目的:确定自来水,钻孔,裸眼井,袋装水和瓶装水等5种饮用水样品中某些化学参数的水平。为了进一步将结果与WHO(2011)标准进行比较,以确定研究区域内的水源安全性,研究设计:收集和分析饮用水中的样品研究地点和持续时间:阿布贾市辖区内16个定居点)构成学习区域。为了避免径流污染某些水源,在2011年1月至2011年3月的干旱季节进行了采样。方法:采用分层随机采样技术从16个定居点进行采样;研究区域内四个确定的住区类别各一个。为了进行数据分析,计算每个采样位置的每个化学参数的平均值,标准偏差以及最小值和最大值。结果:结果表明,pH,NO3,Cu,Al,TOT-N和Fe并非限制质量的因素研究区域的饮用水;水样中镉,碳酸氢盐,NH4-N,锰,锌,砷,铬和铅的含量高于世界卫生组织(2011)设定的安全限值;裸井样品中的pH,SO4,NO3-,TOT-P和HCO3-,Cl的值略高于其他四种饮用水源的样品。钻孔和袋装水样品中的SO4值略高。瓶装和自来水样品中的HCO3-值最高。导致污染的人为活动的增加归因于研究区域的这些水污染水平。结论:尼日利亚国家食品药品监督管理局(NAFDAC)需要专注于促进饮用水的安全,大多数特别是香囊和瓶装水;应当对生产香囊和瓶装水的设施进行定期的,未经事先通知的检查,以确保严格遵守标准。最后,如果居民的健康和福祉至为重要,那么在尼日利亚的城市和郊区中心进行有效的水资源管理就变得越来越必要。

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