As technology has developed and concepts such as Ubiquitous Computing have emerged, early visions of so-called 'smart cities' involved the notion of cities becoming fully-connected environments, where almost every conceivable element in the city limits is integrated into some sort of automated computing system. In turn, this vision gives rise to a divide in opinion. On the one hand, the city is a Utopian paradise of efficiency with systems, running with metronomic precision; on the other, the city is a dystopian centre of restricted possibilities, shackled by the measurement of every event occurring inside it.
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