Impacted by shrinking municipal budgets, many water/ wastewater plants and facilities operate frugally, often running on systems plagued with obsolete hardware and software and patched with years of Band-Aid fixes to remain functional. These patches are not always recorded properly when they are made, and over time, the initially accurate documentation about a facility's control system can become scarce or unreliable, making it difficult to troubleshoot or upgrade the system when necessary.
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