Attributions of morality and mind to artificial intelligence after real- world moral violations

摘要

The media has portrayed certain artificial intelligence (Al) software as committing moral violations such as the Al judge of a human beauty contest being "racist" when it selected predominately light skinned winners. We examine people's attributions of morality for seven such real-world events that were first publicized in the media, experimentally manipulating the occurrence of a violation and the inclusion of information about the Al's algorithm. Both the presence of the moral violation and the information about the Al's algorithm increase participant's reporting of a moral violation occurring in the event. However, even in the violation outcome conditions only 43.5 percent of the participants reported that they were sure that a moral violation occurred. Addressing whether the AI is blamed for the moral violation we found that people attributed increased wrongness to the Al but not to the organization, programmer, or users after a moral violation. In addition to moral wrongness, the Al was attributed moderate levels of awareness, intentionality, justification, and responsibility for the violation outcome. Finally, the inclusion of the algorithm information marginally increased perceptions of the Al having mind, and perceived mind was positively related to attributions of intentionality and wrongness to the Al. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.