Three-dimensional kinematic and dynamic analysis of the crawl tumble turn performance: the expertise effect

摘要

Nowadays, the crawl tumble turn is the turn technique embraced by all freestyle competitive swimmers. It consists of five main phases: the approach, the rotation, the wall contact (with braking and push-off sub-phases; Lyttle et al. 1999), the underwater phase (with glide and underwater propulsion sub-phases) and the resumption of swimming (Costill et al. 1994; Chollet 1997).