Testifying before the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on April 12, NSA Director Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden denied his agency conducts massive vacuuming of the world's communications or industrial espionage on behalf of US firms. The public hearings were the first of their kind ever held concerning NSA activities since House and Senate intelligence oversight committees were established in the 1970s following the discovery that the NSA was engaged in massive eavesdropping of American citizens.
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