Enhanced lower-order element formulations for large strains

摘要

The paper describes a range of lower-order element formulations that can be applied to both elastic and elasto-plastic large-strain elements. For plane-strain analysis, this process involves four-noded quadrilaterals while the enhancements involve incompatible modes or enhanced strains. One particular new formulation can be considered as either a "co-rotational approach" or a modified form of "Biot stress procedure".