Non-local implicit gradient damage models with

摘要

Driven by non-local strains, which are approximated at least by a linear function, the damage evolution continuously varies, whereas the distribution of local strains remains constant, and this mismatch leads to stress oscillations within a low-order finite element. Through the enforcement of constant damage via an appropriate average of the non-local strains that drive damage, the latter becomes discontinuous across inter-elements. The consistency of the finite element formulation can be retrieved, and it hence enables a significant reduction of the occurrence of stress oscillations, whereas the convergence rate of the finite element formulation is still preserved. Numerical examples with ID and 2D typical examples show the efficiency and the performance of the proposed approach. Copyright ? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.