The main conclusions that can be drawn are:rn1. The application of nanotechnology developments in the field of pavement engineering can lead to advances in solving general engineering problems.rn2. Most of these applications first need to be scaled to the dimensional applications that are typical for the pavement engineering environment.rn3. The technical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of available technologies should be evaluated as part of the evaluation of nanotechnology solutions in engineering.rn4. Fundamental research into the properties of engineering materials to improve understanding of their performance is an important output of nanotechnology characterisation of pavement materials.rn5. The development of novel materials and the improvement of existing materials in response to a scarcity of natural materials have become possible through the application of nanotechnology techniques to traditional pavement materials.
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