C-H nitrogenation and oxygenation by ruthenium catalysis

摘要

Remarkable recent progress has been accomplished in direct C-H functionalizations for the formation of C-N and C-O bonds through the use of readily accessible ruthenium catalysts. Particularly, ruthenium(ⅱ) complexes allowed for challenging direct C(sp~2)-H hydroxylation of arenes. These catalysts set the stage for step-economical C-H functionalization with electron-rich as well as electron-deficient (hetero)arenes and, therefore, provided versatile access to diversely decorated phenols. While a number of synthetically useful protocols for ruthenium-catalyzed C(sp~3)-H bond nitrogenation have been elaborated, the analogous transformations of more stable C(sp~2)-H bonds were very recently achieved.