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Models of Innovation: Startups and Mature Corporations

机译:创新模式:初创企业和成熟的公司

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The innovation process occurs in two ways, the Corporate Model and the Entrepreneurship model. Corporations have many competitive advantages that they can use to succeed against startups. In a one-on-one competition, the startup usually has less capital, fewer scientists and engineers, less legitimacy or brand presence, fewer strategic alliances, evolving organizational structures, and incomplete or even non-existent business processes. Young firms have the liabilities of newness and smallness, so they fail at higher rates than do their larger and older competitors. However, the structural and managerial advantages associated with established companies also disadvantage them. Innovation requires two important underlying conditions. First, resources must be mobile. Second, incentives must be aligned so that those who provide these resources, especially financial resources, succeed along with innovators who are engaged in risky activities that generally require extraordinary levels of effort. When resources are immobile, and incentives are misaligned, the innovation process in established firms slows. Under these circumstances, entrepreneurs can start companies, develop the capabilities of those companies, and bring new products to market relatively quickly.
机译:创新过程以两种方式发生,即公司模式和创业模式。公司具有许多竞争优势,可以利用它们来对抗初创企业。在一对一竞争中,初创企业通常拥有更少的资金,更少的科学家和工程师,更少的合法性或品牌形象,更少的战略联盟,不断发展的组织结构以及不完整甚至不存在的业务流程。年轻的公司承担着新的和小的责任,因此它们的失败率要比更大,更老的竞争对手高。但是,与老牌公司相关的结构和管理优势也不利于他们。创新需要两个重要的基础条件。首先,资源必须是可移动的。其次,激励措施必须保持一致,以使提供这些资源(尤其是财务资源)的人与从事风险活动的创新者一起取得成功,而这些活动通常需要付出巨大的努力。当资源不流动且激励措施错位时,老牌企业的创新过程就会变慢。在这种情况下,企业家可以创办公司,发展这些公司的能力并相对快速地将新产品推向市场。

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