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Numerical approximations of strong (un)stable manifolds

机译:强(不稳定)流形的数值逼近

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The method of computing global one-dimensional stable or unstable manifolds of a hyperbolic equilibrium of a smooth vector field is well known. Such manifolds consist only of two trajectories and arbitrarily large pieces can, for example, be generated using an initial point close to the equilibrium on the linear approximation of the manifold. The attraction properties (in forward or backward time) of the local manifolds ensure that the computational error, which depends on the arclength of the computed piece, remains bounded. This paper discusses how these error bounds change as the equilibrium loses its hyperbolicity, or when the one-dimensional, say, unstable manifold is, in fact, a 'strong' unstable manifold that is contained in a higher-dimensional unstable manifold. For these cases, the local manifolds are not locally attracting either in forward or in backward time and the standard error bound does not work. We illustrate the theoretical analysis with numerical computations, using an example for which the global manifolds can be found explicitly, as well as more general vector fields where the true manifolds are not known.
机译:计算光滑向量场的双曲平衡的整体一维稳定或不稳定流形的方法是众所周知的。这样的歧管仅由两个轨迹组成,并且例如,可以使用接近歧管的线性近似上的平衡点的起始点来生成任意大块。局部歧管的吸引力特性(向前或向后的时间)确保取决于计算件弧长的计算误差保持有界。本文讨论了当平衡失去其双曲性时,或当一维(例如,不稳定流形)实际上是包含在高维不稳定流形中的“强”不稳定流形时,这些误差范围如何变化的情况。对于这些情况,局部歧管在向前或向后时间都没有局部吸引,并且标准误差范围不起作用。我们通过一个数值计算示例来说明理论分析,其中可以使用一个示例明确地找到整体流形,以及一个未知的真正流形的更一般的矢量场。

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