Energy and environment in Chinese rural buildings: Situations, challenges, and intervention strategies

摘要

A large-scale national survey of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of rural housing was conducted in China. Its purpose was to obtain fundamental data and to analyze key problems related to the homes of approximately 600 million rural people. The survey results indicate that the total annual household energy consumption in rural China reached 317 million tons of standard coal equivalent (tce) (9.3 x 10(9) GJ), in the forms of 192 million tons of raw coal (4.0 x 10(9) GJ), 5.9 million tons of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (0.3 x 10(9) MJ), 132 billion kWh of electricity (1.4 x 10(9) GJ), and 219 million tons of raw biomass (3.6 x 10(9) GJ). There is an upward trend in the use of coal for space heating and cooking, which is a significant source of air pollution. The pilot study of a program to provide passive energy savings in northern rural China was also conducted. Based on the results of actual demonstration projects, feasible intervention strategies for sustainable development in rural China are proposed, with the goal of achieving "zero coal villages". Projections show that achieving "zero coal villages" nationwide could provide huge and permanent benefits both to China and to the rest of the world. The results obtained from this study could also provide guidance for development of rural housing in other countries, particularly in the developing world. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.