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40 years of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

机译:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌40年

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Staphylococcus aureus is well adapted to the human body, capable of spreading from person to person, hiding in intracellular compartments, and, most importantly, inducing various forms of human disease. During infection the bacterial cells produce a large variety of virulence factors, among which, for instance, are molecules that subtly interfere with the chemotaxis of neutrophils to the site of infection. Adding to the complexity of the infectious process is the fact that the host also responds in a variety of ways immunologically, sometimes producing a certain degree of resistance to infection. S aureus has remained among the top three clinically important pathogens over the past few decades, and a particular worry has been the rise of methicillin resistant strains. The clinical need for an effective vaccine against S aureus is clear, but since infections caused by S aureus are complex and as yet largely undefined (from the perspective of both the pathogen and the host) strategies for developing vaccines are scarce. In addition to the organism's incompletely understood biology, the acquisition of resistance to antibiotics has contributed to its pathoclinical potential. Methicillin resistant S aureus (MRSA) emerged rapidly after the introduction of this particular antibiotic, and the primary route of spread of the MRSA bacteria was soon shown to be through clonal dissemination. Although the gene inducing the resistance has been discovered in various genetic backgrounds, colonisation and infection were mainly caused by rapid spread, sometimes even between continents, of relatively small numbers of epidemic bacterial strains. Therefore, our efforts should be directed towards elucidating the mechanisms underlying staphylococcal epidemicity, a phenomenon that remains largely unexplained. These studies should take environmental, human, and micro-bial characteristics into account.
机译:金黄色葡萄球菌非常适合人体,能够在人与人之间传播,隐藏在细胞内隔室中,并且最重要的是诱发各种形式的人类疾病。在感染过程中,细菌细胞产生多种毒力因子,例如,其中一些分子会巧妙地干扰嗜中性粒细胞对感染部位的趋化性。宿主还会以多种方式免疫反应,这有时会产生一定程度的抗感染性,这增加了感染过程的复杂性。在过去的几十年中,金黄色葡萄球菌一直是临床上最重要的三大病原体之一,尤其令人担忧的是耐甲氧西林的菌株的出现。有效的抗金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗的临床需求是明确的,但是由于由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染是复杂的,而且从病原体和宿主的角度来看,目前还很不确定(疫苗和宿主的观点),因此缺乏开发疫苗的策略。除了生物体尚未完全了解的生物学知识外,获得抗药性还有助于其病理学潜力。引入这种特殊抗生素后,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)迅速出现,并且很快证明了MRSA细菌的主要传播途径是通过克隆传播。尽管已经在各种遗传背景中发现了诱导抗性的基因,但是定殖和感染主要是由相对少量的流行细菌菌株的快速传播,有时甚至是在大陆之间引起的。因此,我们的工作应致力于阐明葡萄球菌流行的潜在机制,这种现象在很大程度上尚无法解释。这些研究应考虑环境,人类和微生物的特征。

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