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Rationalization is rational

机译:合理化是理性的

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Rationalization occurs when a person has performed an action and then concocts the beliefs and desires that would have made it rational. Then, people often adjust their own beliefs and desires to match the concocted ones. While many studies demonstrate rationalization, and a few theories describe its underlying cognitive mechanisms, we have little understanding of its function. Why is the mind designed to construct post hoc rationalizations of its behavior, and then to adopt them? This may accomplish an important task: transferring information between the different kinds of processes and representations that influence our behavior. Human decision making does not rely on a single process; it is influenced by reason, habit, instinct, norms, and so on. Several of these influences are not organized according to rational choice (i.e., computing and maximizing expected value). Rationalization extracts implicit information - true beliefs and useful desires - from the influence of these non-rational systems on behavior. This is a useful fiction - fiction, because it imputes reason to non-rational psychological processes; useful, because it can improve subsequent reasoning. More generally, rationalization belongs to the broader class of representational exchange mechanisms, which transfer information between many different kinds of psychological representations that guide our behavior. Representational exchange enables us to represent any information in the manner best suited to the particular tasks that require it, balancing accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility in thought. The theory of representational exchange reveals connections between rationalization and theory of mind, inverse reinforcement learning, thought experiments, and reflective equilibrium.
机译:当一个人执行了一个行动时,就会发生合理化,然后对其具有理性的信仰和欲望来解决。然后,人们经常调整自己的信仰,希望符合纠正的信念。虽然许多研究表明合理化,但有一些理论描述其潜在的认知机制,但我们对其功能几乎没有了解。为什么旨在构建其行为的HOC合理化的思想,然后采用它们?这可能完成一个重要任务:在影响我们行为的不同类型的过程和表示之间传输信息。人为决策不依赖于一个过程;它受到理由,习惯,本能,规范等的影响。根据Rational Choice(即计算和最大预期值),不会组织其中几种影响。合理化提取隐性信息 - 真正的信仰和有用的欲望 - 从这些非理性系统对行为的影响。这是一个有用的小说 - 虚构,因为它赋予非理性心理过程的理由;有用,因为它可以改善后续推理。更一般地,合理化属于更广泛的代表性换货机制,这些换货机制转移了指导我们行为的许多不同类型的心理表现之间的信息。代表性交易所使我们能够以最适合需要它,平衡准确性,效率和思想灵活性的特定任务的方式代表任何信息。代表性汇谈理论揭示了合理化与思想理论,逆加强学习,思想实验和反思均衡之间的联系。

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