リチウムイオン電池の基本原理とその特徴

摘要

Lithium-ion batteries are known as the rechargeable batteries of the highest specific energy among commercialized re­chargeable batteries at this time. In recent, vehicles having electric drive mode has attracted much attention from the view­point of petroleum security and the global warming problem. Lithium-ion battery technology is essential in order to realize plug-in hybrid vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and there have been clear needs of R&Ds to advance lithium-ion batteries for vehicle applications. In this review, fundamentals and characteristics of lithium-ion battery technology are described.%1800年にボルタ（Volta）によって発明された化学電池（このときは厚紙・皮革に塩水もしくは灰汁を浸潰し，その両面を異種金属ではさんだ対）は，充電できない一次電池ではあったが，この発明によってさまざまな一次電池や蓄電池，燃料電池などにつながる電池の歴史が始まった．また，ボルタ電池は，18世紀前半の電磁気学の基礎となるさまざまな発見を導き出す礎であって，電磁石・モータや，発電機の発明につながっている．