Alternative international cooperation in space development for Japan—Need for more cost-effective space application projects

摘要

This paper examines the specific features of the main Japanese space projects in recent years and scheduled for the near future. Japans' space projects have been characterized by a few big projects for technologically experimental space missions including the International Space Station (ISS). Although space projects concerned with national security issues have occupied a substantial share of Japan's space activities in recent years, the outputs have been kept secret from the public. Truly meaningful missions like a weather satellite have been limited. Thus in total, Japan's space development is still biased toward technology-push type rather than utilization-oriented type projects which are beneficial to the quality of life for the public. The Japan Aeronautical Exploration Agency (JAXA) revealed its new vision in 2005. Although the vision presents a few novel ideas, it is doubtful whether Japan could implement so many diversified space projects. Taking into account Japan's factor endowments and comparative advantage, it would be better if Japan could pursue alternative meaningful space development projects. For that purpose, a number of proposals will be made. This paper also stresses the importance of promoting international cooperation projects in space development and application areas, particularly the need for more regional cooperation in Asia. In addition, more utilization of ODA for space development and application projects is also suggested. A new paradigm toward more meaningful space development and applications will be presented.