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Arrested Development: Multinationals, TRIMs and the Philippines' Automotive Industry

机译:发展受阻:跨国公司,TRIM和菲律宾汽车工业

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The aim of this paper is to show - through the illustrative experience of the automobile assembly industry and the car parts industry - that the failure of the Philippines to become another newly industrialised country (NIC) in Asia is due to the absence of a clear vision of national industrialisation, aggrauated by a zigzagging programme of industrial protection and deregulation. In the l970s, the Philippines imposed 'local content' requirements to participants in a 'progressive car manufacturing programme (PCMP), to move up from the narrow import-and-assemble pattern of industrial development experience of the l950s-l960s. The vehicle industry at that time was engaged in the assembly of imported completely-knocked-down (CKD) or semi-knocked-down (SKD) parts. However, the programme to deepen the automobile industrial structure was a failure due to the indecisiveness of the government in pursuing the programme, compounded in the l980s-1990s by the haphazard way by which it embraced the IMF-World Bank's structural adjustment programme aimed at promoting an export-oriented industrial (EOI) structure. In 2003, the 'local content' requirements were formally withdrawn in compliance with the agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) under the World Trade Organization (WTO). By then, both the automobile assembly industry and parts industry were in deep crisis, like the rest of the industrial sector of the Philippines.
机译:本文的目的是通过汽车组装行业和汽车零部件行业的示例经验,来表明菲律宾未能成为亚洲另一个新兴工业化国家(NIC)的原因是缺乏清晰的愿景锯齿状的工业保护和放松管制计划使国家工业化程度下降。在20世纪70年代,菲律宾向“渐进式汽车制造计划(PCMP)”的参与者强加了“本地内容”要求,以摆脱1950年代至1960年代狭窄的进口和组装工业发展经验的格局。当时的汽车工业从事组装进口的完整零件(CKD)或半零件(SKD)。但是,由于政府对实施该计划的犹豫不决,加深了汽车产业结构的计划失败了,在980年代至1990年代,它以一种偶然的方式加入了国际货币基金组织-世界银行旨在促进发展的结构调整计划。外向型工业(EOI)结构。 2003年,根据世界贸易组织(WTO)与贸易相关的投资措施(TRIM)协议,正式取消了“本地内容”要求。到那时,汽车组装业和零件业都陷入了严重的危机,就像菲律宾其他工业部门一样。

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