Brazil: accelerated metropolization and urban crisis

摘要

Migration and rapid demographic growth in large metropolitan areas in Brazil are associated with high levels of territorial and social inequality. Four indicators of an associated urban crisis are examined: inequality in housing conditions, per capita income and years of schooling; a poor (or lack of a) public transport system, urban congestion and traffic accidents; high levels of violence and murder and the rapid diffusion of diseases linked to the lack of sanitary facilities. Territorial guidelines for a more balanced polycentric urban network and an active urban policy are required to address these issues but face a lack of political will.%[巴西：大都市区化加速发展与城市危机]，Area Development and Policy.[伴随着巴西大都市地区的人口 迁移和人口快速增长，严重的区域、社会不平等问题层出不穷。本文对相关城市危机的4项指标进行了 分析：住房条件、人均收入及受教育程度上的不平等；公共交通系统的薄弱（或欠缺）、城市交通拥堵 及交通事故；严重的暴力问题及高谋杀率；因缺乏卫生设施而导致的疾病快速扩散。这些问题需要通过 建立更加平衡的多中心城市网络区域指导方针和实施积极的城市政策去解决，然而政府却缺乏在这些方 面的政治意愿。】