Conceptual and theoretical debates in modern geopolitics and their implications for Chinese geopolitics

摘要

现代地缘政治学研究在很大程度上是被认为建立在对古典地缘政治学说的批判基础之上发展而来的。具体来讲.现代地缘政治研究更加注重地理知识的生产与国际政治活动之间的关系，其知识体系是植根于福柯对'话语权'概念的论述。其主要分为三个方向，包括科班和应用地缘政治学、流行文化地缘政治学和非农征地缘政治学。然而，基于对当今世界格局的日渐多元化的现象以及地缘政治知识生产的视野的局限性的考量，本文认为未来地缘政治研究可以从地缘政治知识生产和解释多元化的方向来拓展。已有的地缘政治知识对非西方话语的边缘化明显已经不能够对当今世界日渐兴起的新兴的政治和经济力量（如金砖五国等）对当今世界格局的影响等现象做出恰当的解释。因此，本文强调了在后冷战时代和后殖民时代的语境下对南半球国家在世界地缘政治和经济格局中的角色和定位做出合理的解释和理论化的必要性。%An outline of modern geopolitics identifies its development as a critique of classical geopolitics, linking international political action to the subjective production of geographical knowledge and points to its intellectual roots in the Foucauldian notion of 'discourse'. Three sub-fields of formal and practical geopolitics, popular geopolitics, and non-representational geopolitics are summarized. A consideration of the location of geopolitical explanations identifies spaces where future geopolitical research could be developed, and leads to an argument for greater concern with the geopolitical issues associated with the rise of a pluri-centric world. The discursive marginalization of non-Western voices maps uneasily onto the increasingly prominent economic and political role of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and other emerging powers and points to the need for further theorizations to guide the analysis of the positioning of the Global South in a post-Cold War and post-colonial world.