Utilization of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Diagnosis of 230 Mesenchymal Neoplasms: An Institutional Experience

摘要

Abstract Context-Mesenchymal neoplasms harbor characteristic translocations and amplification of gene regions amenable to evaluation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Objective-To determine the utility of FISH in the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms. Design-Two hundred thirty soft tissue cases analyzed by FISH were reviewed retrospectively. Results-Morphologic patterns where FISH was used included high-grade round cell sarcomas (n = 67), nonmyogenic spindle cell sarcomas (n = 40), low-grade myxoid neoplasms (n = 34), adipocytic neoplasms (n = 20), and melanocytic neoplasms (n = 19). Fifty cases did not fit into the previously mentioned categories. SYT FISH (96% of monophasic synovial sarcomas were positive; 0% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor were positive) and DDIT3 FISH (100% of myxoid/round cell liposarcomas; no other neoplasm positive) were very sensitive and specific. EWSR1 FISH was very sensitive and specific in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasms (88% of clear cell sarcomas were positive; all melanomas were negative). EWSR1 FISH was sensitive among high-grade round cell sarcomas (positive in 100% of desmoplastic small round cell tumors and 96% of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors) but not specific because clear cell sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and a subset of round cell liposarcomas also harbor rearrangements of EWSR1. FUS FISH was very sensitive in detecting low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas (91% positive) but not specific because most myxoid/round cell liposarcomas also contain rearrangements of FUS. All atypical lipomatous tumors were positive for amplification of MDM2, whereas all lipomas were negative. FOXO1A FISH was positive in ∼70% of cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusion-FISH is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms.