CONVOLUTED LAYERS IN THE LIGHTING SUPPLY CHAIN

摘要

The specification process of materials and fixtures,including luminaires, and their purchase and installation on a project is a multilayered process; it always has been. Flash back to the year 1866 in New York, when the first schedule of charges was adopted by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). It stipulated 5 percent of the project cost for full professional services, which included preliminary studies, general drawings details and specifications (construction documents), and superintendence (construction management).