RADIOCARBON DATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SAMPLES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN, 1730 TO 1480 BC: FURTHER EXPLORING THE ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION RECORD AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS*

摘要

The East Mediterranean Radiocarbon (Inter-)Comparison Project (EMRCP) has measured time series of radiocarbon ages for known age samples of German oak (GeO) and for samples from the near-absolutely placed Gordion juniper dendrochronology from central Anatolia. In this paper, we review the data for the calendar years from 1730 to 1480 bc, relevant in particular to controversy and debate concerning the absolute date of the Minoan eruption of the Santorini (Thera) volcano. We consider the issue of the radiocarbon (14C) dating of the Santorini eruption, and the problem of how this relates to the archaeological record and historical chronology of Egypt in light of the 14C data. We find that these 14C data, and other recent radiocarbon work, provide good grounds to be confident in the possibility of a robust radiocarbon-based chronology for the eastern Mediterranean. In contrast, as the radiocarbon case becomes stronger, questions must be asked about some archaeological dating: in particular, at the site of Tell el-Dab‘a in the Nile Delta of Egypt.