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A GEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF Pb ISOTOPES IN ARCHAEOMETRY

机译:铅在考古中使用的地质前景

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Lead isotope ratios in ore bodies and magmatic rocks depend in a complex way on several a priori independent parameters, including the geological age of the tectonic province in which the ores and magmas formed and its U/Pb (μ) and Th/U (κ) ratios, two very sensitive parameters characteristic of metal sources. All these parameters are entangled in hard-to-read Pb isotopic ratios. With respect to the commonly used fingerprinting techniques, which rely on the comparison of raw isotope ratios, the main motivation for the present work is to provide a method for making geologically and geochemically educated guesses about metal provenance even in the absence of isotopic data on reference ores. It shows how to unscramble a geological model age and μ and κ information from isotopic measurements. This approach brings to light a new organization of the Pb isotope database and an untapped wealth of information that can be used for provenance studies and other archaeometric purposes. We provide expressions with which to calculate these parameters and, using literature data, demonstrate how Pb isotopes in ores and magmas define clear zones in the silver-rich provinces of the Central Andes. We further show how the geological model age and μ and κ values fingerprint production areas in 16th–18th century silver coins minted in Mexico and South America. Finally, we use Pb isotopes to illustrate how the Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada (1482–91) and the seizure of the Betic silver mines are reflected in the silver coins of the Catholic Monarchs.
机译:矿体和岩浆岩中的铅同位素比以复杂的方式取决于几个先验的独立参数,包括构造省份的地质年龄,在该省中形成了矿石和岩浆,其铀/铅(μ)和Th /铀(κ比率),这是金属来源的两个非常敏感的参数。所有这些参数都以难以理解的铅同位素比值纠缠在一起。关于依赖于原始同位素比率比较的常用指纹技术,本工作的主要动机是提供一种即使没有参考同位素数据也能进行地质和地球化学教育的关于金属来源的猜测的方法矿石。它显示了如何从同位素测量结果中了解地质模型年龄以及μ和κ信息。这种方法揭示了Pb同位素数据库的新组织以及可以用于物源研究和其他考古学目的的大量未开发信息。我们提供了可用来计算这些参数的表达式,并使用文献数据证明了矿石和岩浆中的Pb同位素如何在安第斯中部富银省份中定义了清晰的区域。我们进一步展示了在墨西哥和南美铸造的16至18世纪银币中,地质模型年龄以及μ和κ值如何影响指纹生产区域。最后,我们使用Pb同位素来说明格拉纳达酋长国(1482–91)的征服和Betic银矿的夺取是如何反映在天主教君主的银币中的。

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