Manufacturing through the Ages

摘要

Examining the ins and outs of American manufacturing over the past 150 years is a complex endeavor. The subject is filled with nuances, twists, and turns. As author Vaclav Smil writes, "No advanced modern economy can truly prosper without a strong, diverse, and innovative manufacturing sector whose aim is not only affordable, high-quality output, but also to provide jobs for more than a minuscule share of the working population." Smil's book is a unique history of manufacturing in the United States. The story begins with the requisite description of American steel and Henry Ford, as well as a captivating recounting of the Edisonian electrical system. The author also touches on Taylor's principles of scientific management and even the state of manufacturing during the Great Depression. Made in the USA then turns to America's worldwide manufacturing dominance from 1941 to 1973. Smil describes the rapid expansion of the country's industrial output-which required an unprecedented construction effort and progressed to the mass production of war material-as dominated by ammunition, bombs, vehicles, tanks, airplanes, and ships. He also discusses "pioneering contributions in engineering, scientific research, and industrial design" that led to post-1950s expansion. The picture is bright and exciting.