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Theory, Reality, and Performativity in Markets

机译:市场中的理论,现实和绩效

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the relation between scientific knowledge in the form of theories and the world that such theories are about. The focus is on market theories. I argue that everyday knowledge, conceptualized using the notion of "life-world," is the bedrock of scientific knowledge. I also make two distinctions, one between types of markets and one between principles of order in markets. There are two different types of markets, fixed-role markets and switch-role markets, and no existing theory can be used to explain both of them. In fixed-role markets, such as a producer market of garments, actors are identified as either sellers or buyers. In switch-role markets, such as the stock exchange market or currency market, actors are not identified with one role. The other distinction is between standard and status markets. In a status market, order is maintained because the identities of actors on both sides of the market are ranked according to status, which is a more entrenched social construction than the commodity traded in the market. In a market characterized by standards, the situation is reversed: the commodity is a more entrenched social construction than the social status of actors in the market. These distinctions are the backdrop of my analysis of the idea that markets are performed. It is concluded that the performativity approach is useful today for analyzing switch-role markets. A further conclusion is that neoclassical economic theory can be used in understanding switch-role markets, but not fixed-role markets.
机译:本文的目的是分析理论形式的科学知识与这些理论所涉及的世界之间的关系。重点是市场理论。我认为,用“生活世界”概念概念化的日常知识是科学知识的基石。我还做出了两种区分,一种是市场类型之间的区别,另一种是市场秩序原则之间的区别。有两种不同类型的市场,固定角色市场和转换角色市场,并且没有现有的理论可以用来解释这两种市场。在固定角色市场(例如服装的生产者市场)中,演员被识别为卖方或买方。在诸如股票交易市场或货币市场之类的角色转换市场中,参与者不被确定为扮演一个角色。另一个区别是标准市场和地位市场之间的区别。在地位市场中,维持秩序是因为市场双方参与者的身份都是根据地位进行排名的,这比在市场上交易的商品更牢固的社会结构。在以标准为特征的市场中,情况是相反的:商品是比市场参与者的社会地位更牢固的社会结构。这些区别是我对执行市场的观点进行分析的背景。结论是,性能分析方法今天对于分析开关角色市场很有用。进一步的结论是,新古典经济学理论可用于理解转换角色市场,而不是固定角色市场。

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