Race, Self-Employment, and Labor Absorption:Black and White Women in Domestic Service in the Urban South during the Great Depression

摘要

Past studies have argued that in the large cities of developing societies, unemployment is often alleviated when displaced workers are absorbed into the small-scale entrepreneurial activities of the informal economy. The present study applies this argument to an analysis of women's self-employment in the U.S. South during the Great Depression. Census data show that in large southern cities in 1940, the unemployment of black women was meaningfully reduced by the self-employment of these women in domestic service. These data further suggest that dynamics of race, unemployment, and the self-employment of women in domestic service can be represented by an inverted-U-shaped labor absorption curve. These results make several contributions to research on race, labor-market disadvantage, and self-employment in the informal sector.