The particle shape of powders is important in shrinkage behavior, and isotropic shrinkage can be achieved by post-CIP treatments. Achievement of isotropic sintering shrinkage is one of the most attractive subjects in ceramics. It is the key for the near-net-shape production of ceramic components of complicated shapes and for low-cost production. Isotropic sintering shrinkage can reduce the machining cost for reshaping. However, this process has been difficult to demonstrate and rarely has been achieved in practice. Even a compact of simple shape, such as a disk made by mold pressing, usually shows significant deformation because of anisotropic sintering shrinkage.1 The deformation cannot be eliminated, even with the application of advanced forming techniques, such as post-cold-isostatic-pressing (GIPing) of the preformed compact.
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