A Complexing Agent to Enable a Wide-Temperature Range Bromine-Based Flow Battery for Stationary Energy Storage

摘要

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their features of high energy density and low cost. However, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine particularly at high temperatures. That is because the interaction between polybromide anions and the commonly used complexing agent (N-methyl-N-ethyl-pyrrolidinium bromide [MEP]) decreases with increasing temperatures, which causes serious self-discharge and capacity fade. Herein, a novel bromine complexing agent, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-pyridinium bromide (BCA), is introduced in Br-FBs to solve the above problems. It is proven that BCA can combine with polybromide anions very well even at a high temperature of 60 degrees C. Moreover, the BCA contributes to decreasing the electrochemical polarization of Br-/Br-2 couple, which in turn improves their power density. As a result, a zinc-bromine flow battery with BCA as the complexing agent can achieve a high energy efficiency of 84% at 40 mA cm(-2), even at high temperature of 60 degrees C and it can stably run for more than 400 cycles without obvious performance decay. This paper provides an effective complexing agent to enable a wide temperature range Br-FB.