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Profiling Physicochemical Changes within Catalyst Bodies during Preparation: New Insights from Invasive and Noninvasive Microspectroscopic Studies

机译:在制备过程中分析催化剂体内的理化变化:来自有创和无创显微光谱研究的新见解

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Cylindrical or spherical catalyst bodies with sizes rang-ning from tens of micrometers to a few millimetersnhave a wide variety of industrial applications. They are cru-ncial in the oil refining industry and in the manufacture ofnbulk and fine chemicals. Their stability, activity, and selec-ntivity are largely dependent on their preparation; thus,nachieving the optimum catalyst requires a perfect under-nstanding of the physicochemical processes occurring in ancatalyst body during its synthesis.nThe ultimate goal of the catalyst researcher is to visual-nize these physicochemical processes as the catalyst is beingnprepared and without interfering with the system. In order tonunderstand this chemistry and improve catalyst design, researchers need better, less invasive tools to observe this chem-nistry as it occurs, from the first stages in contact with a precursor all the way through its synthesis. In this Account, we pro-nvide an overview of the recent advances in the development of space- and time-resolved spectroscopic methods, from invasiventechniques to noninvasive ones, to image the physicochemical processes taking place during the preparation of catalyst bodies.nAlthough several preparation methods are available to produce catalyst bodies, the most common method used in indus-ntry is the incipient wetness impregnation. It is the most common method used in industry because it is simple and cost-neffective. This method consists of three main steps each of which has an important role in the design of a catalytic material:npore volume impregnation, drying, and thermal treatment. During the impregnation step, the interface between the sup-nport surface and the precursor of the active phase at the solid liquid interface is where the critical synthetic chemistry occurs.nGas solid and solid solid interfaces are critical during the drying and thermal treatment steps. Because of the length scalenof these catalyst bodies, the interfacial chemistry that occurs during preparation is space-dependent. Different processes occur-nring in the core or in the outer rim of the catalytic solid are enhanced by several factors, such as the impregnation solu-ntion pH, the metal ion concentration, the presence of organic additives, and the temperature gradients inside the body.nInvasive methods for studying the molecular nature of the metal-ion species during the preparation of catalyst bodiesninclude Raman, UV vis NIR, and IR microspectroscopies. Noninvasive techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).nSynchrotron-based techniques such as tomographic energy dispersive diffraction imaging (TEDDI) and X-ray microtomog-nraphy for noninvasive characterization are also evaluated.
机译:尺寸从几十微米到几毫米不等的圆柱形或球形催化剂体具有广泛的工业应用。它们在炼油行业以及散装和精细化学品的制造中至关重要。它们的稳定性,活性和选择性在很大程度上取决于其制备。因此,要获得最佳催化剂,需要对合成过程中催化剂体内发生的物理化学过程有一个全面的了解。n催化剂研究人员的最终目标是在制备催化剂时可视化这些物理化学过程,而不干扰系统。 。为了更好地理解这种化学反应并改进催化剂的设计,研究人员需要更好,侵入性较小的工具来观察化学反应的发生,从与前体接触的第一阶段一直到前体的合成。在此报告中,我们概述了从有创技术到无创技术在空间和时间分辨光谱方法方面的最新进展,以描绘在制备催化剂体过程中发生的物理化学过程。现有方法可用于生产催化剂体,工业上最常用的方法是初期湿润浸渍。这是工业上最常用的方法,因为它简单且具有成本效益。该方法包括三个主要步骤,每个步骤在催化材料的设计中都起着重要作用:孔体积浸渍,干燥和热处理。在浸渍步骤中,在固液界面处的支持表面和活性相前体之间的界面是发生关键合成化学的地方。在干燥和热处理步骤中,nGas固相和固相固体界面至关重要。由于这些催化剂体的长度成比例,因此在制备过程中发生的界面化学是空间依赖性的。催化固体的核心或外缘出现不同的过程,这受多种因素的影响,例如浸渍溶液的pH值,金属离子浓度,有机添加剂的存在以及体内的温度梯度。用于研究催化剂体制备过程中金属离子物种分子性质的有创方法包括拉曼光谱,紫外可见光谱和近红外光谱。非侵入性技术包括磁共振成像(MRI)。还评估了基于nSynchrotron的技术,例如层析成像能量色散衍射成像(TEDDI)和X射线显微断层摄影技术,以进行非侵入性表征。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Accounts of Chemical Research》 |2010年第9期|p.1279-1288|共10页
  • 作者单位

    Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science,Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 13:24:24

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