Construction and Optoelectronic Properties of Organic One-Dimensional Nanostructures

摘要

Inn the last 10 years, nanomaterials based on small organic molecules have attracted increasing attention. Such materialsnhave unique optical and electronic properties, which could lead to new applications in nanoscale devices. Zero-dimen-nsional (0D) organic nanoparticles with amorphous structures have been widely studied; however, the systematic investiga-ntion of crystalline one-dimensional (1D) organic nanostructures has only emerged in recent years.nResearchers have used inorganic 1D nanomaterials, such as wires, tubes, and belts, as building blocks in optoelec-ntronic nanodevices. We expect that their organic counterparts will also play an important role in this field. Because organicnnanomaterials are composed of molecular units with weaker intermolecular interactions, they allow for higher structuralntunability, reactivity, and processability. In addition, organic materials usually possess higher luminescence efficiency andncan be grown on almost any solid substrate. In this Account, we describe recent progress in our group toward the con-nstruction of organic 1D nanomaterials and studies of their unique optical and electronic properties. First, we intro-nduce the techniques for synthesizing 1D organic nanostructures. Because this strategy is both facile and reliable, liquidnphase synthesis is most commonly used. More importantly, this method allows researchers to produce composite mate-nrials, including core/sheath and uniformly doped structures, which allow to investigate the interactions between dif-nferent components in the nanomaterials, including fluorescent resonance energy transfer and photoinduced electronntransfer.nPhysical vapor deposition allows for the synthesis of organic 1D nanomaterials with high crystallinity. Nanomaterialsnproduced with this method offer improved charge transport properties and better optoelectronic performance in areas includ-ning multicolor emission, tunable emission, optical waveguide, and lasing. Although inorganic nanomaterials have devel-noped rapidly, our findings highlight the importance of organic compounds as components of novel 1D nanomaterials.