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The architectural design of smart ventilation and drainage systems in termite nests

机译:白蚁巢智能通风排水系统的建筑设计

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摘要

Termite nests have been widely studied as effective examples for ventilation and thermoregulation. However, the mechanisms by which these properties are controlled by the microstructure of the outer walls remain unclear. Here, we combine multiscale X-ray imaging with three-dimensional flow field simulations to investigate the impact of the architectural design of nest walls on CO2 exchange, heat transport and water drainage. We show that termites build outer walls that contain both small and percolating large pores at the microscale. The network of larger microscale pores enhances permeability by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the smaller pores alone, and it increases CO2 diffusivity up to eight times. In addition, the pore network offers enhanced thermal insulation and allows quick drainage of rainwater, thereby restoring the ventilation and providing structural stability to the wet nest.
机译:白蚁巢已被广泛研究为通风和温度调节的有效实例。然而,通过外壁的微观结构控制这些性能的机制仍然不清楚。在这里,我们将多尺度X射线成像与三维流场模拟相结合,以研究巢壁建筑设计对CO2交换,热传递和排水的影响。我们显示白蚁建立的外壁在微观尺度上既包含小孔,又包含大孔。与仅较小的孔相比,较大的微孔网络将渗透率提高了一到两个数量级,并且将二氧化碳的扩散率提高了八倍。另外,孔网络提供增强的隔热性,并允许雨水快速排出,从而恢复通风并为湿巢提供结构稳定性。

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