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The importance of floral signals in the establishment of plant-ant mutualisms

机译:花卉信号在建立植物与植物之间的相互关系中的重要性

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摘要

Visual and olfactory floral signals are essential for the establishment of plant-pollinator mutualisms. Different batteries of floral features attract different pollinators and may achieve specific relationships that are essential for the immediate plant reproductive success, and at an evolutionary time scale have been of vital importance in the radiation of Angiosperms. We have found that mutualistic services by ants, insects traditionally considered ineffective pollinators, are essential for the pollination of Cytinus hypocistis (Cytinaceae), a Mediterranean root holoparasitic plant. Diverse floral signals, mainly nectar characteristics and floral scent could be playing a key role in the attraction of different species of ants, which pollinate effectively the flowers. Surprisingly, the abundance of other insects foraging in this parasite was very low and, although this scarcity could be due in part to the presence of ants, we suggest that different floral features exhibited by C. hypocistis could be evolving for attracting ants. Based on some current findings, we suspect that the study of floral signals in Cytinaceae is critical in the understanding the divergence of pollination systems in this fascinating family of parasitic plants.
机译:视觉和嗅觉上的花卉信号对于建立植物授粉媒介的相互关系至关重要。不同种类的花卉特征吸引着不同的传粉者,并且可能实现对于植物即时繁殖成功至关重要的特定关系,并且在进化时间尺度上,被子植物的辐射至关重要。我们已经发现,蚂蚁的互助服务是传统上被认为是无效的传粉媒介,对于地中海型根寄生植物Cytinus hypocistis(Cytinaceae)的授粉至关重要。多样的花信号,主要是花蜜特性和花香可能在吸引不同种类蚂蚁的过程中起关键作用,从而有效地给花朵授粉。令人惊讶的是,在该寄生虫中觅食的其他昆虫的数量非常低,尽管这种短缺可能部分归因于蚂蚁的存在,但我们认为,C。hypocistis表现出的不同花卉特征可能会吸引蚂蚁。根据当前的一些发现,我们怀疑在该迷人的寄生植物科中,对猕猴科中的花信号进行研究对于了解授粉系统的差异至关重要。

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