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  • 机译 高效重组同源亲和性抗CD20抗体的产生。
    摘要:Previously we increased the potency of therapeutic antibodies in targeting, induction of apoptosis, and growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo by chemically conjugating a homophilic peptide to the antibody. Here, we describe the construction of a chimeric fusion gene derived from the murine anti-CD20 antibody (1F5) variable region, with an engineered homophilic domain at the C-terminus of the human IgG1 sequence. The construct was expressed in CHO suspension cells and purified. The potency of the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody was compared to a chimeric antibody without the engineered homophilic domain. In this comparison, the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody showed increased binding to a human CD20 cell line, and significantly more ADCC, CDC, and induction of apoptosis in three cell lines. In addition, the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody demonstrated increased inhibition of proliferation of two cell lines. These data show that homophilic fusion protein antibodies with enhanced therapeutic potency can be produced with industry-standard fermentation protocols.
  • 机译 变形链球菌GS-5的糖基转移酶B特异的单克隆抗体及其糖基转移酶抑制效率
    摘要:Glucosyltransferase-B (GTFB) of Streptococcus mutans is considered a virulence factor because of its activity in the production of insoluble glucan, which is key to the bacterial attachment onto dental surfaces, leading to the formation of dental caries. Local passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies against GTFB is considered to be an effective way to prevent dental caries. Here we amplified a 1.3 kb fragment of the N-terminal half of the gtfB gene (193–1530) of S. mutans by PCR and expressed the truncated protein (GTFBN). The expressed, purified protein was used as an immunogen in BALB/c mice. We selected and established one hybridoma (HBN8) that was capable of producing anti-GTFBN using ELISA, dot blot, and Western blot analyses. The monoclonal anti-GTFBN antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and its isotype was confirmed as IgG2a. The anti-GTFBN antibody inhibited the enzymatic activity of crude glucosyltransferase of S. mutans GS-5 in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that the anti-GTFBN antibody could be used as a vaccine to prevent the aggregation of S. mutans on tooth surfaces, and thus prevent the formation of dental caries.
  • 机译 大肠杆菌中表达的抗胸膜肺炎放线杆菌TonB2蛋白的单克隆抗体
    摘要:TonB is known to be a bacterial periplasmic protein that transduces proton from the inner membrane to the outer membrane receptor in complex with the ExbB and ExbD proteins. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae TonB2 protein is the second TonB protein that is important for iron acquisition and virulence. The TonB2 protein was verified to be immunogenic and could afford partial protection for animals from lethal infection. In the present study, the recombinant TonB2 (rTonB2) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified. The rTonB2 was then used as antigen to immunize BALB/c mice for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Four clones of TonB2-specific MAb secretion hybridomas—2F2, 2G8, 3D2, and 6F10—were selected. The MAbs 2F2, 3D2, and 6F10 were classified as IgG1 isotype and 2G8 was of IgG2a isotype. Western blot and ELISA results indicated that MAbs had specific binding activity to rTonB2. The MAbs generated here will be used for further functional analyses of the TonB2 protein.
  • 机译 新型抗原决定簇被抗PrP单克隆抗体鉴定,该抗体在纯化的Scrapie Prions免疫Prnp0 / 0 Balb / cJ小鼠后产生
    摘要:Prions, or infectious proteins, cause a class of uniformly fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Prions are composed solely of an aberrantly folded isoform (PrPSc) of a normal cellular protein (PrPC). Shared sequence identity of PrPSc with PrPC has limited the detection sensitivity of immunochemical assays, as antibodies specific for the disease-causing PrPSc isoform have not been developed. Here we report the generation of three new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to PrP, which were isolated following immunization of Prnp0/0 Balb/cJ mice with highly purified PrPSc isolated from brain lipid rafts. Epitope mapping using synthetic PrP peptides revealed that the three MAbs bind different epitopes of PrP. The DRM1-31 MAb has a conformational epitope at the proposed binding site for the putative prion conversion co-factor “protein X.” The DRM1-60 MAb binds a single linear epitope localized to the β2–α2 loop region of PrP, whereas DRM2-118 binds an epitope that includes sequences within the octarepeat region and near the site of N-terminal truncation of PrPSc by proteinase K. Our novel anti-PrP MAbs with defined PrP epitopes may be useful in deciphering the conformational conversion of PrPC into PrPSc.
  • 机译 刺激对女性和新生儿哮喘的嗜碱性粒细胞介导的特应性反应的影响
    摘要:Morbidity from allergic diseases is increasing. Basophils play a critical role in systemic anaphylaxis and chronic allergic inflammation. The prenatal environment must be regarded as a possible early risk factor for allergic diseases in children. Our objective was to determine if basophils harvested from neonates genetically predisposed to atopic disease had different levels of CD63 expression and IL-4 release properties in response to various stimuli (peptidoglycan, Dermatophagoides farinae, hyperosmotic mannitol). Blood samples were collected from 16 asthmatic and 18 healthy women and their newborns. Peripheral blood basophil histamine was measured using the human basophil degranulation test (HBDT), whereas activation was assessed by flow cytometric measurement of CD63 expression on the cord blood basophil surface. IL-4 levels were quantified by ELISA following allergen stimulation. The basophil degranulation index (DI) in granulocytes harvested from the peripheral blood of asthmatic women was assessed following stimulation with peptidoglycan (PGN), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df ) extract, or hyperosmotic mannitol. The DI was significantly higher in atopic women than in healthy controls. Upregulation of CD63 on the cord blood basophil surface was also detected in response to these stimuli. Basophils purified from the cord blood of neonates born to atopic mothers produced more IL-4 compared to basophils purified from the controls. These data suggested that various stimuli play a role in augmenting allergic reactions via modulation of activated basophil cytokine secretion. It may require new methods to stabilize the basophils in allergic diseases.
  • 机译 反向直接ELISA的建立及其在高亲和力单克隆抗体筛选中的应用
    摘要:Traditionally monoclonal antibody (MAb) titer is determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is primarily used to evaluate the quality of MAbs. In this study, the titer and affinity of a group of MAbs against ovalbumin (OVA) were tested by indirect ELISA and the ELISA method reported previously. Data showed that there may be great differences between the indirect ELISA antibody titer and affinity value of MAbs. For the first time, a simple and effective reverse direct ELISA (RD-ELISA) was established for the detection of high-affinity MAbs. Among the group of MAbs to OVA, a certain proportion of antibodies with high affinity but low indirect ELISA titer do exist and can be clearly and efficiently detected by RD-ELISA. This study demonstrates that RD-ELISA is an effective method for high-affinity MAb screening.
  • 机译 潜在的癌症生物标记物,人类泛素结合酶E2单克隆抗体。
    摘要:Human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, also known as UbcH10, is defined as a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein and is essential for selective degradation of many short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells. Recently more and more data show that UbcH10 could be a potential cancer biomarker. In this study, we have developed a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against UbcH10 using an expression recombinant protein. Hybridomas F001, F007, and F008 with high affinities belong to IgG1 subclass with κ light and are highly specific for UbcH10. Further experimentation showed that MAbs F001, F007, and F008 are suitable for the development of immunoassay core agents with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in vitro by Western-blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. These MAbs can be used as a tool for further investigation on functions related to the role of UbcH10 in tumorigenesis and development.
  • 机译 猪圆环病毒2型中推测的ORF3基因的分析
    摘要:Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with postweaning multisystemic syndrome in pigs, whereas the ubiquitous related porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is nonpathogenic. Corroborating an earlier observation in PCV2, Rep and Rep’ proteins encoded by ORF1 are essential for the initiation of PCV2 replication. Cap protein encoded by ORF2 has a potential causative role in the initiation of PCV2 replication and contains a type-specific epitope. The putative ORF3 of PCV2 oriented in the opposite direction within ORF1 is unknown. In this study, ORF3-encoding protein of PCV2 was expressed in vitro as a fusion protein (GST-ORF3 protein), and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the PCV2-ORF3-encoding protein were generated and biologically characterized. The mRNA transcript of ORF3 was characterized during a productive infection in PK-15 cells, and the PCV2 infectious DNA clone lacking ORF3 was constructed. GST-ORF3 protein, with an approximate molecular weight of 37.7 kDa, was obtained from the Escherichia coli transformed with the recombinant vector pGEX-4T-1-F3 after codon optimization of ORF3 DNA sequence. Four MAbs reacted strongly to the ORF3-encoding protein expressed in PK-15 cells in immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA transcript of ORF3 was confirmed in RT-PCR, Northern blot, and sequencing analyses. The progeny PCV2 virions were not revealed in the PK-15 cells transfected by the PCV2 infectious DNA clone without ORF3. These results demonstrate that the ORF3 of PCV2 can be transcribed and expressed and that ORF3-encoding protein plays a pivotal role in viral replication.
  • 机译 一个可行的酶联免疫吸附测定系统,使用来自变形链球菌的糖基转移酶-B的单克隆和多克隆抗体
    摘要:Streptococcus mutanshas been considered the principal etiological agent of dental caries in humans. S. mutans can secrete three kinds of glucosyltransferases (GTFs). One of these, GTF-B, which synthesizes water-insoluble glucans from sucrose, has been considered to be one of the most important factors of cariogenic dental plaque formation. Therefore, determination of whether GTF-B is present in plaque and saliva samples may contribute to the evaluation of individual virulence potential (caries risk). The aim of this study was to develop a feasible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the routine quantification of GTF-B in plaque-derived cultures and clinical samples, and to apply this assay to an epidemiological study. To determine the presence of GTF-B in plaque samples, a sandwich-ELISA was devised, consisting of mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against GTF-B and a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody. The developed ELISA allowed for quantification of the amounts of purified GTF-B with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity; this method was not affected by other components such as plaque and saliva. Plaque samples from healthy volunteers were examined using this ELISA method and microbial analysis to apply the assay to an epidemiological study. A correlation was observed between the amount of extracted GTF-B and S. mutans levels as determined by ELISA and cultivated with Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar plates derived from plaque samples, although there were some exceptions. In this regard, this ELISA system has the advantage of estimating both the individual numbers of S. mutans and the productivity of GTF-B, namely, the cariogenic potential of S. mutans simultaneously. These results indicate that this ELISA method is a useful tool for the diagnosis of caries risk.
  • 机译 大疱性类天疱疮自身抗原BP180特异的IgE类单克隆抗体的功能表征
    摘要:BP180 (collagen XVII) is the target antigen in several autoimmune diseases including bullous pemphigoid (BP). Both IgE and IgG class autoantibodies have been shown to be pathogenic in BP; however, studies designed to elucidate the patho-mechanisms mediated specifically by the IgE-class autoantibodies are limited by the low levels (ng/mL) of IgE in human sera. In this report, we developed mouse IgE class monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the immunodominant NC16A domain of the human BP180 protein and characterized two of the resultant MAbs, designated 395A5 and 395D2. Epitope mapping studies revealed that both MAbs target segment 2 of NC16A, as was described for IgE and IgG class BP autoantibodies. Also similar to BP IgE, MAb 395A5 showed indirect immunofluorescence labeling of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of human skin, stimulated histamine release from mast cells when triggered with NC16A, and induced keratinocyte production of IL-8. The 395D2 MAb was also able to trigger antigen-specific histamine release from mast cells; however, in contrast to BP IgE and 395A5, 395D2 did not label the cutaneous BMZ, nor did it induce IL-8 production in keratinocytes. In summary, these studies underscore the importance of functionally characterizing MAbs generated for use in human disease models. The 395A5 IgE class murine MAb was shown to share several key functional properties with the pathogenically active IgE produced by BP patients. We therefore expect that this MAb will prove to be a useful tool for dissecting the mechanisms used by BP180-NC16A-specific IgE antibodies in the induction of BP skin lesions.
  • 机译 新型小鼠杂交瘤产生对人和小鼠核仁蛋白SURF-6特异的单克隆抗体的开发。
    摘要:SURF-6 is an evolutionarily conserved nucleolar protein that is important for cell viability; however, its function in mammals still remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to generate monoclonal antibodies to human SURF-6 protein suitable for fundamental and biomedical research. The full-size human SURF-6 was expressed as a recombinant GST-fusion protein and used as an antigen to generate monoclonal antibodies, S79 and S148, specific for SURF-6. The monoclonal antibody produced by hybridoma clone S79 specifically recognizes endogenous SURF-6 by Western and immunofluorescence analyses in various cultured human cells, and by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer samples. Moreover, S79 immunoprecipitates protein complexes containing SURF-6 from HeLa cells extracts. The antibody S79 recognizes SURF-6 only in human cells; however, the antibody produced by hybridoma clone S148 can detect SURF-6 of human and mouse origin. Monoclonal antibodies to the nucleolar protein SURF-6 described in this work can be a useful tool for studies of ribosome biogenesis in normal and cancer cells.
  • 机译 使用单克隆抗体的ELISA检测O型口蹄疫
    摘要:An ELISA assay with monoclonal antibody (MELISA) was used to type serotype O of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). All FMDV serotype O reference strains were positive by MELISA, while other viruses such as FMDV serotypes Asia 1, C, A and classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus remained negative. Further, FMDV serotype O positive samples were able to be detected by MELISA. This assay may be particularly suitable for diagnosis of FMDV serotype O infection in field stations.
  • 机译 特异性针对人SERPINB5的多功能单克隆抗体
    摘要:Maspin (SERPINB5) is a member of the Clade B subgroup of the large superfamily of serine protease inhibitors. It is proposed that maspin is a tumor suppressor; however, its molecular role remains to be elucidated. Here we report the characterization of a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against human maspin. This antibody, 16F7, recognizes maspin in both its native and denatured form, unlike several other commercial antibodies tested in this study. It will be a useful and versatile tool for future analyses of the biological function of maspin.
  • 机译 特异于A型和O型VP1口蹄疫病毒的单克隆和多克隆抗体
    摘要:The foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an RNA virus composed of single stranded positive sense RNA. FMDV has been known to infect cloven-hoofed animals, including pigs, cattle, and sheep. FMDV is rapidly spreading outward to neighboring regions, often leading to a high mortality rate. Thus, early diagnosis of FMDV is critical to suppress propagation of FMDV and minimize economic losses. In this study, we report the generation and characterization of polyclonal and six monoclonal antibodies against VP1 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses. These VP1 antibodies will be useful as tools to detect serotypes A and O of FMDVs for diagnostic usage.
  • 机译 核糖体蛋白S6激酶2特异性单克隆抗体的开发
    摘要:Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (S6K2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the family of AGC kinases, which includes PKB/Akt, PKC, PDK1, and SGK1. Mammalian cells express two isoforms of S6K, termed S6K1 and S6K2. Each of these has nuclear and cytoplasmic spicing variants, which originate from different initiation start codons. Nuclear isoforms of S6K1 and S6K2 are slightly longer, as they possess additional sequences at the N-terminus with nuclear localization signals. Biochemical and genetic studies implicated S6Ks in the regulation of cell size, growth, and energy metabolism. Deregulation of S6K signaling has been linked to various human pathologies, making them excellent targets for drug discovery. The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies directed at the N-terminal regulatory region of S6K2, which shows very low homology to S6K1 or other members of the AGC family. To achieve this goal, two S6K2 fragments covering 1–64aa and 14–64aa N-terminal sequences were expressed in bacteria as GST/6His fusion proteins. Affinity purified recombinant proteins were used as antigens for immunization, hybridoma screening, and analysis of generated clones. We produced a panel of S6K2-specific antibodies, which recognized recombinant S6K2 proteins in ELISA and Western blot analysis. Further analysis of selected clones revealed that three clones, termed B1, B2, and B4, specifically recognized not only recombinant, but also endogenous S6K2 in Western blot analysis of HEK293 cell lysates. Specificity of B2 clone has been confirmed in additional commonly used immunoassays, including immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. These properties make B2 MAb particularly valuable for elucidating signal transduction pathways involving S6K2 signaling under physiological conditions and in human pathologies.
  • 机译 DIPA单克隆抗体:p120连环蛋白同工型1的新型结合伴侣。
    摘要:The coiled-coil domain-containing delta-interacting protein A (DIPA) is a transcription factor implicated in developmental regulation. DIPA is the first protein discovered to selectively interact with the p120-catenin (p120) isoform 1, an alternatively spliced form of p120 expressed preferentially in mesenchymal cells. Although a small fraction of p120 can be observed in the nucleus under certain circumstances, the vast majority of it associates with classical cadherins at adherens junctions. We observed for the first time that a discrete fraction of DIPA exists at cell-cell junctions, in addition to its predominantly nuclear localization. Thus, the p120-DIPA interaction may regulate cell signaling and/or transcriptional events, as has been described previously for β-catenin and the LEF/TCF transcription factor family. To facilitate further study of DIPA and to determine the physiological relevance of its interaction with p120, we have generated and characterized a panel of five DIPA-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that function in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays.
  • 机译 在大鼠中开发的新型抗小鼠B7-H3单克隆抗体
    摘要:B7-H3, a novel member of the B7 superfamily, plays a critical role during T cell activation; its functions are still unclear. In this study we obtained a novel anti-mouse B7-H3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and characterized its biological functions. Our results demonstrated that this MAb could be used for flow cytometry and Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses, suggesting that the performance of this MAb is much better than a commercial MAb (M3.2D7). Furthermore, data showed different expression profiles of mouse B7-H3 on various immune cells. We further showed that mouse B7-H3 protein was not expressed on normal tissues except for bladder epithelial cells using this MAb. Interestingly, the MAb could stimulate the proliferation and cytokine secretion of T cells. Taken together, this MAb might be of great value for further investigation of B7-H3 molecule.
  • 机译 识别源自肿瘤细胞的纤维蛋白A的单克隆抗体SZ-117
    摘要:SZ117 is a monoclonal antibody against matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and exhibits anti-tumor angiogenic effect. In this study, we observed that SZ117 bound to a 280 kDa protein, which was detected in tumor cell-derived Matrigel and various tumor cells. Using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry analysis, and Western blot analysis, we identified the 280 kDa protein as filamin A and found that filamin A and its degraded products, notably a 53 kDa fragment, were released from a variety of tumor cells. This suggests that SZ117 is useful in the study of the pathogenesis of filamin A and that blockage of filamin A by SZ117 might contribute to the anti-tumor angiogenic effect of the monoclonal antibody.
  • 机译 抗PTP1B催化域的单克隆抗体
    摘要:Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, plays a crucial role in metabolic signaling, with insulin and leptin signaling being well studied. New evidence indicates that PTP1B is also involved in cancer. In the present study, we report on the establishment of a monoclonal antibody specific for catalytic domain of PTP1B (PTP1Bc) generated through the hybridoma method. The monoclonal antibody is measured to have a titer of 4.1×106 against PTP1Bc in indirect ELISA. Western blot and immunofluorescent analyses indicated that this antibody can specifically combine native PTP1B in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells. This monoclonal antibody against PTP1Bc can help enhance the understanding of PTP1B-related physiological and pathological mechanisms and may act as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, obesity, and cancer in the future.
  • 机译 抗caveolin-1抗体作为抗前列腺癌的治疗药物
    摘要:Caveolae are critical cell surface structures important in coordinated cell signaling and endocytosis. One of the major proteins of caveolae is caveolin 1 (Cav-1). Cellular levels of Cav-1 are associated with cancer progression. In prostate cancer cells, levels of Cav-1 are positively correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Cav-1 can be secreted by prostate cancer cells into the microenvironment and triggers proliferation and anti-apoptosis of the tumor and tumor endothelial cells. Clinical studies have shown increased serum Cav-1 levels in patients with poor prognosis. In tissue culture and animal model experiments, blocking secreted Cav-1 by polyclonal antibodies inhibits tumor cell growth. Cav-1 is therefore a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment. In this study, we used Cav-1 knock-out mice as hosts to produce monoclonal anti-Cav-1 antibodies. A total of 11 hybridoma cell lines were selected for their ability to produce antibodies that bound GST-Cav-1 but not GST on glutathione-coated ELISA plates. Further screening with ELISAs using GST-Cav-1 fragments on GSH-coated plates classified these antibodies into four groups: N1-31 with five antibodies binds the far N-terminus between amino acids 1 and 31; N32-80 with three antibodies binds between amino acids 32 and 80; CSD with two antibodies potentially bind the scaffolding domain (amino acids 80-101); and Cav-1-C with 1 antibody binds parts of the C-terminal half. Binding affinities (Kd) of these antibodies to soluble Cav-1 ranged from 10−11 to 10−8 M. Binding competition experiments revealed that these antibodies recognized a total of six different epitopes on Cav-1. Potency of these antibodies to neutralize Cav-1-mediated signaling pathways in cultured cells and in animal models will be tested. A selected monoclonal antibody will then be humanized and be further developed into a potential anti-prostate cancer therapeutic.

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