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  • 1.

    【2hr】Marital Transitions and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults: Examining Educational Differences

    包量

    机译 老年人的婚姻过渡和抑郁症状：检查教育差异
    摘要：Background:Later decades of the life course have undergone rapid transformations due to demographic changes in ageing societies, such as more frequent occurrences of later-life marital transitions. Adaption to these transitions, even when welcomed, brings novel chances and challenges in negotiating new social roles in old age, which could reinforce preexisting disparities in the acquisition and mastery of resources, social ties, and coping strategies.
  • 2.

    【2hr】The gut microbiota and healthy aging

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    机译 肠道菌群与健康衰老
    摘要：The gut microbiota shows a wide inter-individual variation, but its within-individual variation is relatively stable over time. A functional core microbiome, provided by abundant bacterial taxa, seems to be common to various human hosts regardless of their gender, geographic location, and age. With advancing chronological age, the gut microbiota becomes more diverse and variable. However, when measures of biological age are used with adjustment for chronological age, overall richness decreases while a certain group of bacteria associated with frailty increases. This highlights the importance of considering biological or functional measures of aging. Studies using model organisms indicate that age-related gut dysbiosis may contribute to unhealthy aging and reduced longevity. The gut microbiome depends on the host nutrient signaling pathways for its beneficial effects on host health and lifespan, and gut dysbiosis disrupting the interdependence may diminish the beneficial effects or even have reverse effects. Gut dysbiosis can trigger the innate immune response and chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to many age-related degenerative pathologies and unhealthy aging. The gut microbiota communicates with the host through various biomolecules, nutrient signaling-independent pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms. Disturbance of these communications by age-related gut dysbiosis can affect the host health and lifespan. This may explain the impact of the gut microbiome on health and aging.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Developmental Origins of Health Span and Life Span: A Mini Review

    包量

    机译 跨度和寿命跨度的发展起源：迷你回顾
    摘要：BackgroundA vast body of research has demonstrated that disease susceptibility and offspring health can be influenced by perinatal factors, which include both paternal and maternal behavior and environment. Offspring disease risk has the potential to affect the health span and life span of offspring.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Toward Using Smart Watch to Monitor Frailty in Hospital Setting—Using a Single Wrist Wearable Sensor to Assess Frailty in Bedbound Inpatients

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    机译 迈向在医院环境中使用智能手表监测身体虚弱的方法-使用单个腕式可穿戴传感器评估卧床住院患者的身体虚弱
    摘要：BackgroundWhile various objective tools have been validated for assessing physical frailty in the geriatric population, these are often unsuitable for busy clinics and mobility-impaired patients. Recently we have developed a Frailty Meter (FM) using two wearable sensors, which allows capturing key frailty phenotypes (weakness, slowness, and exhaustion), by testing 20-second rapid elbow flexion-extension test.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Untangling longevity, dauer, and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans insulin/IGF-1-signalling

    包量

    机译 秀丽隐杆线虫胰岛素/ IGF-1信号传递可延长寿命，延长寿命，并延长健康期
    摘要：The groundbreaking discovery that lower levels of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) can induce lifespan extension was reported 24 years ago in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this organism, mutations in the insulin/IGF-1 receptor gene daf-2 or other genes in this pathway can double lifespan. Subsequent work has revealed that reduced IIS (rIIS) extends lifespan across diverse species, possibly including humans. In C. elegans, IIS also regulates development into the diapause state known as dauer, a quiescent larval form that enables C. elegans to endure harsh environments through morphological adaptation, improved cellular repair, and slowed metabolism. Considerable progress has been made uncovering mechanisms that are affected by C. elegans rIIS. However, from the beginning it has remained unclear to what extent rIIS extends C. elegans lifespan by mobilizing dauer-associated mechanisms in adults. As we discuss, recent work has shed light on this question by determining that rIIS can extend C. elegans lifespan comparably through downstream processes that are either dauer-related or – independent. Importantly, these two lifespan extension programs can be distinguished genetically. It will now be critical to tease apart these programs, because each may involve different longevity-promoting mechanisms that may be relevant to higher organisms. A recent analysis of organismal “healthspan” has questioned the value of C. elegans rIIS as a paradigm for understanding healthy aging, as opposed to simply extending life. We discuss other work that argues strongly that C. elegans rIIS is indeed an invaluable model, and consider the likely possibility that dauer-related processes affect parameters associated with health under rIIS conditions. Together, these studies indicate that C. elegans and analyses of rIIS in this organism will continue to provide unexpected and exciting results, and new paradigms that will be valuable for understanding healthy aging in humans.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Pathways to Brain Aging and their Modifiers: Free-Radical Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS) Model

    包量

    机译 脑衰老及其调节剂的途径：自由基诱导的衰老（FRIENDS）模型中的能量和神经衰弱
    摘要：In this mini-review, we survey the extant literature on brain aging, with the emphasis on longitudinal studies of neuroanatomy, including regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure. We assess the impact of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors on the trajectories of change in regional brain volumes and white matter properties, as well as the relationships between neuroanatomical and physiological changes on cognitive performance. We examine these findings in the context of current biological theories of aging and propose the means of integrating non-invasive measures–spectroscopic indices of brain energy metabolism and regional iron deposits–as valuable proxies for elucidating basic neurobiology of human brain aging. In a brief summary of the recent findings pertaining to age-related changes in the brain structure and their impact on cognition, we discuss the role of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk factors in shaping the trajectories of change. Drawing on the extant biological theories of aging and mindful of the brain’s role as a disproportionately voracious energy consumer in mammals, we emphasize the importance of the fundamental bioenergetic mechanisms as drivers of age-related changes in brain structure and function. We sketch out a model that builds on the conceptualization of aging as an expression of cumulative cellular damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ensuing declines in energy metabolism. We outline the ways and means of adapting this model, Free-Radical-Induced Energetic and Neural Decline in Senescence (FRIENDS), to human aging and testing it within constraints of non-invasive neuroimaging.
  • 7.

    【2hr】A perfect sTORm: The role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cerebrovascular dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease

    包量

    机译 完美的TORM：雷帕霉素（mTOR）哺乳动物靶标在阿尔茨海默氏病脑血管功能障碍中的作用
    摘要：Cerebrovascular dysfunction is detected prior to the onset of cognitive and histopathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing evidence points out to a critical role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the initiation and progression of AD. Recent studies identified the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a critical effector of cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD. mTOR has a key role in the regulation of metabolism, but some mTOR-dependent mechanisms are uniquely specific to the regulation of cerebrovascular function. These include the regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier integrity and maintenance, neurovascular coupling, and cerebrovascular reactivity. This article examines the available evidence for a role of mTOR-driven cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting mTOR and/or specific downstream effectors for vasculoprotection in AD, VCID, and other age-associated neurological diseases with cerebrovascular etiology.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Aging and Decision-making: A Conceptual Framework for Future Research

    包量

    机译 衰老与决策：未来研究的概念框架
    摘要：Age differences in decision-making are of theoretical interest and have important practical implications, but relevant lines of work are distributed across multiple disciplines and often lack integration.The present review proposes an overarching conceptual framework with the aim of connecting disjointed aspects of this field of research.The framework builds on process models of decision-making and specifies potential mechanisms behind age effects as well as relevant moderators including task characteristics and contextual factors.After summarizing the extant literature for each aspect of the framework, compensatory mechanisms and ecological fit among different components of the model are considered.Implications for real-life decision making, remaining research gaps and directions for future research are discussed.
  • 9.

    【2hr】mTOR as regulator of lifespan, aging and cellular senescence

    包量

    机译 mTOR作为寿命，衰老和细胞衰老的调节剂
    摘要：The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is an evolutionary conserved signaling hub that senses and integrates environmental and intracellular nutrient and growth factor signals to coordinate basic cellular and organismal responses such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation dependent on the individual cell and tissue. A growing list of evidence suggests that mTOR signaling influences longevity and aging. Inhibition of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) with rapamycin is currently the only known pharmacological treatment that increases lifespan in all model organisms studied. This review discusses the potential mechanisms how mTOR signaling controls lifespan and influences aging-related processes such as cellular senescence, metabolism, and stem cell function. Understanding these processes might provide novel therapeutic approaches to influence longevity and aging-related diseases.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Discontinued ICT Usage Among Older Adults in Continuing Care Retirement Communities in the United States

    包量

    机译 美国继续护理退休社区中老年人停用ICT的情况
    摘要：BackgroundOlder adults are increasingly using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Recent studies show beneficial effects of using ICTs for older adults, particularly in terms of reducing loneliness and depression. However, little is known about the factors that may prevent discontinued ICT use in populations that may be at greater risk, such as those in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs).
  • 11.

    【2hr】Care Transitions and Adult Day Services Moderate the Longitudinal Links between Stress Biomarkers and Family Caregivers’ Functional Health

    包量

    机译 护理过渡和成人日间服务减轻了应激生物标志物与家庭护理人员功能健康之间的纵向联系
    摘要：BackgroundStress biomarkers have been linked to health and well-being. There are, however, few studies on how dysregulation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) actually affects functional health among family caregivers of relatives with dementia. Further, it is not clear whether and how factors affecting caregiving stressor exposures such as care transitions and Adult Day Services (ADS) use may affect such association.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Foot Function, Foot Pain, and Falls in Older Adults: the Framingham Foot Study

    包量

    机译 老年人的足功能，足痛和跌倒：弗雷明汉足部研究
    摘要：BackgroundAlthough foot pain has been linked to fall risk, contributions of pain severity, foot posture or foot function are unclear. These factors were examined in a cohort of older adults.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Subjective Memory in a National Sample: Predicting Psychological Well-Being

    包量

    机译 国家样本中的主观记忆：预测心理健康
    摘要：BackgroundIndividual perception of memory performance (i.e., subjective memory) is assessed using a variety of approaches. This article focuses on two such approaches: self-comparison assessments that attempt to capture changes in memory ability over a period of time, and age-anchored comparisons that assess how an individual perceives their memory in relation to others their age. These different types of assessment may relate to psychological well-being differently due to the underlying mechanisms of assessment.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Cognitive Predictors of Everyday Problem Solving across the Lifespan

    包量

    机译 跨寿命解决日常问题的认知预测因子
    摘要：BackgroundAn important aspect of successful aging is maintaining the ability to solve everyday problems encountered in daily life. The limited evidence today suggests that everyday problem solving ability increases from young adulthood to middle age, but decreases in older age.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Loneliness in Older Black Adults with HIV is Associated with Poorer Cognition

    包量

    机译 艾滋病毒的黑人黑人老年人的孤独感与较差的认知有关
    摘要：BackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with cognitive impairment, and loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in old age. Older Black adults with HIV may be at particular risk for loneliness due to stigma and lack of social resources.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Is Overnight Fasting before Surgery Too Much or Not Enough? How Basic Aging Research Can Guide Preoperative Nutritional Recommendations to Improve Surgical Outcomes: A Mini-Review

    包量

    机译 手术前隔夜禁食过多还是不足？基础老龄化研究如何指导术前营养建议以改善手术效果：简要综述
    摘要：Dietary restriction (DR) is best known for extending lifespan in experimental model organisms, but also increases resistance to a variety of clinically relevant stressors, including those associated with surgery. Extended periods of DR, lasting months to years, are required for optimal longevity benefits in rodents, but short-term dietary preconditioning (less than 1 week) remarkably protects from acute injury. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic basis of short-term DR and fasting in the context of surgical stress resistance, including upstream amino acid sensing by the GCN2 and mTORC1 pathways, and downstream effector mechanisms including increased insulin-dependent prosurvival signaling and elevated endogenous hydrogen sulfide production. We also review the current trend in preoperative nutrition away from preoperative fasting and towards carbohydrate loading. Finally, we discuss the rationale for the nonmutually exclusive use of brief DR or pharmacological DR mimetics to precondition against the stress and potential complications of surgery.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Genome and Epigenome Editing in Mechanistic Studies of Human Aging and Aging-Related Disease

    包量

    机译 人类衰老和与衰老相关疾病的机理研究中的基因组和表观基因组编辑
    摘要：The recent advent of genome and epigenome editing technologies has provided a new paradigm in which the landscape of the human genome and epigenome can be precisely manipulated in their native context. Genome and epigenome editing technologies can be applied to many aspects of aging research and offer the potential to development novel therapeutics against age-related diseases. Here, we discuss the latest technological advances in the CRISPR-based genome and epigenome editing toolbox, and provide an insight into how these synthetic biology tools could facilitate aging research by establishing in vitro cell- and in vivo animal-models to dissect genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying aging and age-related diseases. We discuss recent developments in the field with the aims to precisely modulate gene expression and dynamic epigenetic landscapes in a spatial- and temporal- manner in cellular and animal models, by complementing the CRISPR-based editing capability with conditional genetic manipulation tools, including chemically inducible expression system, optogenetics, logic gate genetic circuits, tissue-specific promoters, and serotype-specific adeno-associated virus. We also discuss how the combined use of genome and epigenome editing tools permits investigators to uncover novel molecular pathways involved in pathophysiology and etiology conferred by risk variants associated with aging and aging-related disease. A better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related disease will significantly contribute to the developments of new therapeutic interventions for extending healthspan and lifespan, ultimately improving the quality of life in the elderly populations.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Pain Intensity and Pain Interference in Older Adults: Role of Gender, Obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

    包量

    机译 老年人的疼痛强度和疼痛干预：性别，肥胖和高敏C反应蛋白的作用
    摘要：BackgroundAmong older adults, pain intensity and pain interference are more common in women than men and associated with obesity and inflammatory markers.
  • 19.

    【2hr】The Future of Human Longevity

    包量

    机译 人类长寿的未来
    摘要：Recent scientific publications suggest that human longevity records stopped increasing. Our finding that mortality of centenarians does not decrease noticeably in the recent decades (despite a significant mortality decline in younger age groups) is consistent with this suggestion. However, there is no convincing evidence that we have reached the limit of human life span. The future of human longevity is not fixed and will depend on human efforts to extend life span.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Perceived Control and Aging: A Mini Review and Directions for Future Research

    包量

    机译 感知的控制和老化：小型回顾和未来研究的方向
    摘要：This brief review on perceived control and aging is organized according to three perspectives of research involving description, explanation, and modification. An extensive body of literature has utilized cross-sectional and correlational methods to describe the sociodemographic variations and outcomes associated with perceived control. This work has focused on differences in perceived control as a function of age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and culture, and has identified positive associations with many aging-related outcomes involving health and well-being. With growing evidence regarding the health benefits of perceived control in the context of a declining sense of control with aging, there has been an increased effort to uncover the mechanisms involved, with the hopes of developing methods to maintain and/or promote adaptive control beliefs throughout adulthood. Through longitudinal and experimental work, researchers are beginning to clarify the directionality and elucidate the mechanisms to explain the associations. Recent evidence from longitudinal studies shows that control beliefs have an impact on subsequent changes in health. Yet, the findings suggest it is not a unidirectional relationship. A conceptual model suggesting an ongoing reciprocal relationship between perceived control and health and well-being is discussed. Research examining the mechanisms that link perceived control to aging-related outcomes can help to inform and to develop effective interventions that are tailored to the individuals’ specific barriers and goals. We consider new directions for research, including more attention to intraindividual variability and reactivity to daily challenges such as stress, with the goal of advancing our understanding of how perceived control contributes to aging-related outcomes. More work is needed to develop strategies to enhance control beliefs in later life. Although it will not always be possible to modify control beliefs, researchers can take these beliefs into account when developing interventions. A personalized approach is recommended as a way to tailor interventions that are compatible with individuals’ beliefs about control to facilitate adaptive behavior change. Conclusions focus on selected issues and considerations for future research.
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