• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史

您现在的位置：首页>美国卫生研究院文献>Extreme Physiology Medicine

期刊信息

  • 期刊名称：

    -

  • 刊频：
  • NLM标题：
  • iso缩写： -
  • ISSN： -

年度选择

更多>>

  • 排序：
  • 显示：
  • 每页：
全选（0）
<1/14>
共269条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Career perspective: Kenneth J. Collins

    包量

    机译 职业前景：肯尼斯·科林斯
    摘要：A career interest in thermoregulation research has included wide contrasts in the subjects of enquiry, extending from heat stroke to hypothermia, special investigations in many different purpose-built climatic chambers, laboratory-based biomedical studies together with hospital practice, and field work in tropical climates to physiological surveys on urban populations in temperate environments. The scientific process and need to focus on careful planning of experiments, using the most appropriate methods, selecting the right controls and eventually applying correct statistical analysis do not always follow a smooth transition, as illustrated in this account. The result of endeavour to resolve a human environmental problem, however, is greatly satisfying, and sometimes becomes a unique experience when the solution reveals new fundamental facts.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Measurements of rates of cooling of a manikin insulated with different mountain rescue casualty bags

    包量

    机译 用不同的山地救援伤员袋绝缘的人体模型的冷却速率的测量
    摘要：BackgroundAccidental hypothermia is common in those who sustain injuries in remote environments. This is unpleasant and associated with adverse effects on subsequent patient outcomes. To minimise further heat loss, a range of insulating systems are available to mountain rescue teams although the most effective and cost-efficient have yet to be determined.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Cardiovascular and thermal strain during 3–4 days of a metabolically demanding cold-weather military operation

    包量

    机译 在需要进行新陈代谢的寒冷天气军事行动的3-4天期间，心血管和热力紧张
    摘要：BackgroundCardiovascular (CV) and thermal responses to metabolically demanding multi-day military operations in extreme cold-weather environments are not well described. Characterization of these operations will provide greater insights into possible performance capabilities and cold injury risk.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Transient cardiac dysfunction but elevated cardiac and kidney biomarkers 24 h following an ultra-distance running event in Mexican Tarahumara

    包量

    机译 墨西哥Tarahumara发生超远程跑步事件后，短暂性心脏功能障碍但心脏和肾脏生物标志物升高24小时
    摘要：BackgroundThe Mexican Tarahumara are accustomed to running ultra-distance races. No data exist on the acute physiological changes following ultra-distance running and physiological-biomarker associations in this population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the acute impact (≤ 24 h) on functional and biochemical changes of the cardiac muscle and biochemical changes associated with kidney function following a 63-km ultra-distance race with an altitude difference of 1800 m in Mexican Tarahumara athletes.
  • 5.

    【2hr】High altitude-related hypertensive crisis and acute kidney injury in an asymptomatic healthy individual

    包量

    机译 无症状健康个体的高海拔相关性高血压危机和急性肾损伤
    摘要：BackgroundHigh-altitude exposure causes a mild to moderate rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This case report describes the first documented case of a hypertensive crisis at altitude, as well as the first report of the occurrence of acute kidney injury in the context of altitude-related hypertension.
  • 6.

    【2hr】In conversation with…Thomas Frederic Hornbein

    包量

    机译 与…交谈托马斯·弗雷德里克·霍恩贝恩
    摘要：Whilst attending a conference in the not too distant past, I was fortunate enough to be seated at lunch next to a very eminent octogenarian academic. Conversation ensued, and I was instantly captivated by his stories. These were not narratives filled with scientific facts, but rather anecdotes of his life and the pathways he had taken to get where he was today. Fascinated by such accounts, I set about the task of interviewing persons of scientific acclaim, to learn more about their life stories and unwritten tales. ‘In conversation with…’ therefore offers readers a chance to share an abridged version of these conversations. (In view of the need to condense 4 h of conversation, the original interview text has been abridged, and then reviewed, revised, and approved by TFH.)
  • 7.

    【2hr】Chronic occupational exposures can influence the rate of PTSD and depressive disorders in first responders and military personnel

    包量

    机译 慢性职业暴露可能会影响急救人员和军事人员的PTSD和抑郁症的发生率
    摘要：BackgroundFirst responders and military personnel experience rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) far in excess of the general population. Although exposure to acute traumatic events plays a role in the genesis of these disorders, in this review, we present an argument that the occupational and environmental conditions where these workers operate are also likely contributors.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Keratinocytes at the uppermost layer of epidermis might act as sensors of atmospheric pressure change

    包量

    机译 表皮最上层的角质形成细胞可能充当大气压变化的传感器
    • 作者：Mitsuhiro Denda
    • 刊名：Extreme Physiology Medicine
    • 2016年第期
    摘要：It has long been suggested that climate, especially atmospheric pressure change, can cause health problems ranging from migraine to myocardial infarction. Here, I hypothesize that the sensory system of epidermal keratinocytes mediates the influence of atmospheric pressure change on the human physiological condition. We previously demonstrated that even subtle changes of atmospheric pressure (5–20 hPa) induce elevation of intracellular calcium level in cultured human keratinocytes (excitation of keratinocytes). It is also established that communication occurs between epidermal keratinocytes and peripheral nerve systems. Moreover, various neurotransmitters and hormones that influence multiple systems (nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems) are generated and released from epidermal keratinocytes in response to various external stimuli. Thus, I suggest that pathophysiological phenomena induced by atmospheric pressure changes might be triggered by epidermal keratinocytes.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Exercise in space: the European Space Agency approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures for long-duration missions on ISS

    包量

    机译 太空锻炼：欧洲航天局针对国际空间站进行长时间飞行任务的飞行中对策的方法
    摘要：BackgroundTo counteract microgravity (µG)-induced adaptation, European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts on long-duration missions (LDMs) to the International Space Station (ISS) perform a daily physical exercise countermeasure program. Since the first ESA crewmember completed an LDM in 2006, the ESA countermeasure program has strived to provide efficient protection against decreases in body mass, muscle strength, bone mass, and aerobic capacity within the operational constraints of the ISS environment and the changing availability of on-board exercise devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of ESA’s individualised approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures and an up-to-date picture of how exercise is used to counteract physiological changes resulting from µG-induced adaptation. Changes in the absolute workload for resistive exercise, treadmill running and cycle ergometry throughout ESA’s eight LDMs are also presented, and aspects of pre-flight physical preparation and post-flight reconditioning outlined.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Caloric restriction diminishes the pressor response to static exercise

    包量

    机译 热量限制会减少压力对静态运动的反应
    摘要：BackgroundAstronauts in space consume fewer calories and return to earth predisposed to orthostatic intolerance. The role that caloric deficit plays in the modulation of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6° head-down bedrest (an analog of spaceflight) with a hypocaloric diet (25 % caloric restriction) (CR) on autonomic neural control during static handgrip (HG) and cold pressor (CP) tests. Nine healthy young men participated in a randomized crossover bedrest (BR) study, consisting of four, two-week interventions (hypocaloric ambulatory, hypocaloric bedrest, normocaloric ambulatory, and normocaloric bedrest), each separated by 5 months. Heart rate (HR), arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded before, during, and after HG (40 % of maximum voluntary contraction to fatigue), post-exercise muscle ischemia (forearm occlusion), and CP. Bedrest and nutritional combinations were compared using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.
  • 11.

    【2hr】The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers

    包量

    机译 有抱负的英吉利海峡游泳者的耐冷水游泳对核心温度的影响
    摘要：BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine if cold water swimmers (CWS) developed hypothermia over a 6-h cold water endurance swim and whether body composition, stroke rate (SR) or personal characteristics correlated with core temperature (TC) change. Nine experienced male and female CWS who were aspiring English Channel (EC) swimmers volunteered to participate. Subjects aimed to complete their 6-h EC qualifying swim (water 15–15.8 °C/air 15–25 °C) while researchers intermittently monitored TC and SR. Data obtained included anthropometry (height, mass, segmental body composition), training volume and EC completion.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Nutritional considerations during prolonged exposure to a confined, hyperbaric, hyperoxic environment: recommendations for saturation divers

    包量

    机译 长期暴露于密闭，高压，高氧环境中的营养注意事项：针对饱和潜水员的建议
    摘要：Saturation diving is an occupation that involves prolonged exposure to a confined, hyperoxic, hyperbaric environment. The unique and extreme environment is thought to result in disruption to physiological and metabolic homeostasis, which may impact human health and performance. Appropriate nutritional intake has the potential to alleviate and/or support many of these physiological and metabolic concerns, whilst enhancing health and performance in saturation divers. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to identify the physiological and practical challenges of saturation diving and consequently provide evidence-based nutritional recommendations for saturation divers to promote health and performance within this challenging environment. Saturation diving has a high-energy demand, with an energy intake of between 44 and 52 kcal/kg body mass per day recommended, dependent on intensity and duration of underwater activity. The macronutrient composition of dietary intake is in accordance with the current Institute of Medicine guidelines at 45–65 % and 20–35 % of total energy intake for carbohydrate and fat intake, respectively. A minimum daily protein intake of 1.3 g/kg body mass is recommended to facilitate body composition maintenance. Macronutrient intake between individuals should, however, be dictated by personal preference to support the attainment of an energy balance. A varied diet high in fruit and vegetables is highly recommended for the provision of sufficient micronutrients to support physiological processes, such as vitamin B12 and folate intake to facilitate red blood cell production. Antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, are also recommended to reduce oxidised molecules, e.g. free radicals, whilst selenium and zinc intake may be beneficial to reinforce endogenous antioxidant reserves. In addition, tailored hydration and carbohydrate fueling strategies for underwater work are also advised.
  • 13.

    【2hr】‘Blood doping’ from Armstrong to prehabilitation: manipulation of blood to improve performance in athletes and physiological reserve in patients

    包量

    机译 从阿姆斯特朗到康复之前的“血液兴奋剂”：操纵血液以改善运动员的表现和患者的生理储备
    摘要：Haemoglobin is the blood’s oxygen carrying pigment and is encapsulated in red blood corpuscles. The concentration of haemoglobin in blood is dependent on both its total mass in the circulation (tHb-mass) and the total plasma volume in which it is suspended. Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the body per unit time and is one measure of physical fitness. Observations in athletes who have undergone blood doping or manipulation have revealed a closer relationship between physical fitness (aerobic capacity) and total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) than with haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Anaemia is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a haemoglobin concentration of <130 g/L for men and <120 g/L for women. Perioperative anaemia is a common problem and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity following surgery. Aerobic capacity is also associated with outcome following major surgery, with less fit patients having a higher incidence of mortality and morbidity after surgery. Taken together, these observations suggest that targeted preoperative elevation of tHb-mass may raise aerobic capacity both directly and indirectly (by augmenting preoperative exercise initiatives- ‘prehabilitation’) and thus improve postoperative outcome. This notion in turn raises a number of questions. Which measure ([Hb] or tHb-mass) has the most value for the description of oxygen carrying capacity? Which measure has the most utility for targeting therapies to manipulate haemoglobin levels? Do the newer agents being used for blood manipulation (to increase tHb-mass) in elite sport have utility in the clinical environment? This review explores the literature relating to blood manipulation in elite sport as well as the relationship between perioperative anaemia, physical fitness and outcome following surgery, and suggests some avenues for exploring this area further.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Moving in extreme environments: extreme loading; carriage versus distance

    包量

    机译 在极端环境中移动：极端负载；托架与距离
    摘要：This review addresses human capacity for movement in the context of extreme loading and with it the combined effects of metabolic, biomechanical and gravitational stress on the human body. This topic encompasses extreme duration, as occurs in ultra-endurance competitions (e.g. adventure racing and transcontinental races) and expeditions (e.g. polar crossings), to the more gravitationally limited load carriage (e.g. in the military context). Juxtaposed to these circumstances is the extreme metabolic and mechanical unloading associated with space travel, prolonged bedrest and sedentary lifestyle, which may be at least as problematic, and are therefore included as a reference, e.g. when considering exposure, dangers and (mal)adaptations. As per the other reviews in this series, we describe the nature of the stress and the associated consequences; illustrate relevant regulations, including why and how they are set; present the pros and cons for self versus prescribed acute and chronic exposure; describe humans’ (mal)adaptations; and finally suggest future directions for practice and research. In summary, we describe adaptation patterns that are often U or J shaped and that over time minimal or no load carriage decreases the global load carrying capacity and eventually leads to severe adverse effects and manifest disease under minimal absolute but high relative loads. We advocate that further understanding of load carrying capacity and the inherent mechanisms leading to adverse effects may advantageously be studied in this perspective. With improved access to insightful and portable technologies, there are some exciting possibilities to explore these questions in this context.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Psychological factors in exceptional, extreme and torturous environments

    包量

    机译 特殊，极端和酷刑环境中的心理因素
    • 作者：John Leach
    • 刊名：Extreme Physiology Medicine
    • 2016年第期
    摘要：Our cognitive system has adapted to support goal-directed behaviour within a normal environment. An abnormal environment is one to which we are not optimally adapted but can accommodate through the development of coping strategies. These abnormal environments can be ‘exceptional’, e.g., polar base, space station, submarine, prison, intensive care unit, isolation ward etc.; ‘extreme’, marked by more intense environmental stimuli and a real or perceived lack of control over the situation, e.g., surviving at sea in a life-raft, harsh prison camp etc.; or ‘tortuous’, when specific environmental stimuli are used deliberately against a person in an attempt to undermine his will or resistance. The main factors in an abnormal environment are: psychological (isolation, sensory deprivation, sensory overload, sleep deprivation, temporal disorientation); psychophysiological (thermal, stress positions), and psychosocial (cultural humiliation, sexual degradation). Each single factor may not be considered tortuous, however, if deliberately structured into a systemic cluster may constitute torture under legal definition. The individual experience of extremis can be pathogenic or salutogenic and attempts are being made to capitalise on these positive experiences whilst ameliorating the more negative aspects of living in an abnormal environment.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

    包量

    机译 超耐力步行和跑步事件的营养影响
    • 作者：Eric Williamson
    • 刊名：Extreme Physiology Medicine
    • 2016年第期
    摘要：This paper examines the various nutritional challenges which athletes encounter in preparing for and participating in ultra-endurance walking and running events. Special attention is paid to energy level, performance, and recovery within the context of athletes’ intake of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals. It outlines, by way of a review of literature, those factors which promote optimal performance for the ultra-endurance athlete and provides recommendations from multiple researchers concerned with the nutrition and performance of ultra-endurance athletes. Despite the availability of some research about the subject, there is a paucity of longitudinal material which examines athletes by nature and type of ultra-endurance event, gender, age, race, and unique physiological characteristics. Optimal nutrition results in a decreased risk of energy depletion, better performance, and quicker full-recovery.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Erratum to: The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers

    包量

    机译 勘误到：有抱负的英吉利海峡游泳者的耐冷水游泳对核心温度的影响
    摘要：
  • 18.

    【2hr】Career perspective: Alf O. Brubakk—looking back to see ahead

    包量

    机译 职业前景：Alf O. Brubakk-回头看前方
    • 作者：Alf O Brubakk
    • 刊名：Extreme Physiology Medicine
    • 2015年第期
    摘要：The following describes my professional life up till today, but it also describes what I think lies ahead. I have led an interesting professional life and been lucky enough to be at the centre of some of the important development in modern medicine and diving, namely ultrasound in cardiology and the mechanisms of decompression. I therefore should be able to see some of the most challenging and exciting problems ahead.Ultrasound in cardiology has developed from simply listening to the Doppler signal to determine the velocity of blood flow to the complicated description of images presented today. Diving, in addition to being an important commercial and environmental activity, exposes the individual to intermittent hyperoxia and pressure reductions. These challenges evoke the production of radical oxygen species (ROS) and microparticles (MP) that also are central to many pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in a number of severe human diseases. Thus, diving can be regarded as an important model of disease and allows us to study their effects on healthy young individuals.The future thus points towards an integration of environmental physiology with detailed physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and makes diving physiology a potentially very important field of study.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Career perspective: Charles M Tipton

    包量

    机译 职业前景：Charles M Tipton
    摘要：This invited autobiographical article pertains to 52 years as an exercise physiologist of which 16 years were devoted to being an active emeriti. Although the career pathway was circuitous in nature, once resolved, it included preparation of future exercise physiologists; reducing the health hazards associated with the “making of weight” by scholastic wrestlers; using animals (rats and dogs) as the model system with a myriad of experimental procedure for obtaining insights and understandings of various exercise training mechanism in one-G environments, and in simulated μG environments. From the results, we have concluded that (a) inactivity, as represented by immobilization, is the most undesirable physiological state an animal should experience and (b) movement, as represented by training, will have an intrinsic adaptive influence on select biological tissues that, in some situations, can be independent of autonomic and hormonal influences.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Career perspective: Victor A. Convertino

    包量

    机译 职业前景：Victor A. Convertino
    摘要：This review focuses on a career of unique opportunities to participate in various areas of research related to extreme physiology and medicine. My experience as a volunteer subject in exercise experiments conducted at NASA included the study of acute and chronic physiological responses and adaptations to exercise in environments of hypoxia, heat stress, and simulated microgravity (bed rest), and eventually to my doctoral work on mechanisms underlying expansion of plasma and blood volume with acute and repeated exercise and heat exposure. My career has taken me to research positions at NASA, the Stanford University School of Medicine, the University of Arizona, and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory before assuming my present location at the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research. As a result of these multiple experiences across a period of 45 years, I have had opportunities to translate basic research to astronauts, high-performance aircraft pilots, and critically ill patients who are challenged by conditions of extreme physiology and medicine.
题名 作者 来源 发表时间

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号