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  • 刊频： Quarterly, with annual supplement, 2001-
  • NLM标题： Exp Anim
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  • 1.

    【2hr】Hatano rats selectively bred for high- and low-avoidance learning: anoverview

    包量

    机译 Hatano大鼠有选择地繁殖，用于高避免回避学习：概观
    摘要：This review compiles the results of a series of studies on Hatano high- and low-avoidance animals (HAA and LAA, respectively) established at the Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Japan. The HAA and LAA lines were selected and bred from Sprague Dawley rats for high and low avoidance learning, respectively, in a shuttlebox task since 1985. Although Hatano rats were selected only based on their behavioral traits in the active avoidance task, strain differences between the HAA and LAA lines were also observed in their stress responses and reproductive functions. However, the most noticeable finding of Hatano rats is a matched result in both active and passive avoidance tasks. The HAA and LAA lines are useful for next-generation toxicological studies, because the hereditary characters of behaviors or endocrine functions are well controlled.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Comparison between blood coagulability in the intra-atrial and peripheralregions during theacute phase after rapid atrial pacing

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    机译 心房和外周血的凝血能力比较快速心房起搏后急性期的区域
    摘要：The changes in intra-atrial blood coagulability of acute phase after development of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been elucidated in human. In the present study, blood coagulability were examined in the intra-atrial and peripheral regions during the acute phase after development of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) in experimentally created model dog similar to AF, using Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS) that is capable of comprehensively evaluating thrombogenicity in the bloodstream in the microvascular channel. According to the results, both the coagulating function-evaluating time to +10 kPa (T10) and occlusion time (OT) of the AR chip (chip for thrombus analysis mixed with coagulation and platelet) were significantly shortened in the atrial blood as early as 30 min after pacing (T10, 150.5 ± 40.5 s; OT, 212.4 ± 44.3 s) compared to the pre-pacing levels (T10, 194.5 ± 47.5 s; OT, 259.9 ± 49.5 s) (P<0.05). The OT of PL chip (chip for platelet thrombus analysis) was significantly shortened 30 min after pacing (231.8 ± 57.6 s), compared to the pre-pacing level (289.5 ± 96.0 s) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, none of T10 and OT of AR and PL chips showed any significant changes in the peripheral blood. The study demonstrated increase of blood coagulability 30 min after development of RAP. While no significant changes were observed in the peripheral blood inthe present study, the outcome suggested that the anti-thrombus treatments are better tobe started early after AF even if coagulability of the peripheral blood shows nochange.
  • 3.

    【2hr】AIM-deficient mouse fed a high-trans fat, high-cholesterol diet: a new animalmodelfor nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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    机译 AIM缺乏症的老鼠喂养高反式脂肪，高胆固醇饮食：一种新动物非酒精性脂肪肝疾病模型
    摘要：Owing to changes in lifestyle, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a common form of chronic liver injury. NAFLD comprises a wide variety of disease stages, from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because animal models for NAFLD are needed to investigate the precise pathogenesis, we aimed to establish a new mouse model employing mice deficient for apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM−/−), which exhibit accelerated lipid storage in the liver and high susceptibility to developing HCC in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). AIM−/− mice were fed the D09100301 diet, which contains 40 kcal% fat (trans fat 30 kcal%), high cholesterol (2%), and 40 kcal% carbohydrates (20 kcal% fructose), and then features of obesity and NAFLD including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC development were analyzed. Although a comparable grade of liver steatosis was promoted in AIM−/− mice by the D09100301 diet and the standard HFD (60 kcal% largely lard fat), significantly less lipid storage in visceral fat was observed when the mice were fed the D09100301 diet. Accelerated liver inflammation was promoted by the D09100301 diet compared with the HFD, but interestingly, HCC development was decreased in mice fed the D09100301 diet. Our findings suggest thatAIM−/− mice fed the D09100301 diet exhibited a phenotypethat resembled nonobese NAFLD patients and thus could be an appropriate tool to study thepathophysiology by which obesity increases the risk of HCC.
  • 4.

    【2hr】The acute pulmonary toxicity in mice induced by Staphylococcusaureus, particulate matter, and their combination

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    机译 金黄色葡萄球菌诱发的小鼠急性肺毒性金黄色，颗粒物质及其组合
    摘要：Inhalation of pathogenic bacteria transported by particulate matter (PM) presents an important potential threat to human health. Therefore, the pulmonary toxicity in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and PM as individual matter and mixtures was studied. PM and S. aureus were instilled intratracheally into Kunming mice at doses of 0.2 mg/mouse and 5.08 × 106 CFU /mouse, respectively, as individual matter and in combination two times at 5-day intervals. After the exposure period, oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) in the lung, cellular infiltration, neurotrophins, chemokines, and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and immunoglobulin (Ig) in sera were examined. Exposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and NO and significant decreases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lung. Meanwhile, the ratio of interleukin (IL)-4 to interferon (INF)-γ, the IL-4 level in BALF, and the IgE concentration in sera were significantly increased in the groups exposed to S. aureus or the combination of PM and S. aureus. Substance P and IL-8 in BALF weresignificantly increased in mice exposed to PM, S. aureus or theircombination. In addition, PM, S. aureus, and their combination causedinfiltration of leukocytes into the alveolar tissue spaces. The results suggested thatexposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus induced a lunginflammatory response that was at least partly caused by oxidative stress and mediatorsfrom the activated eosinophils, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and epithelialcells.
  • 5.

    【2hr】A semi-nested RT-PCR assay for detection of norovirus in rat fecalsamples

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    机译 半巢式RT-PCR检测大鼠粪便中诺如病毒样本
    摘要：Norovirus is a highly prevalent pathogen that can infect a wide range of host species. Thus far, there have only been two reports of norovirus infection in rats. Diagnostic assays for the detection of norovirus are well established, but a specific molecular assay for the diagnosis of norovirus infection in laboratory rats has not yet been reported. In this study, we describe the development of a sensitive, semi-nested RT-PCR assay for detection of norovirus in fecal samples from Rattus norvegicus, reared in animal facilities under different sanitary barrier conditions. Additionally, we describe the first report of the presence of norovirus in rat colonies from Brazilian animal facilities.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Genetic diversity of 21 experimental chicken lines with diverse origins andgenetic backgrounds

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    机译 21种不同来源的实验鸡品系的遗传多样性遗传背景
    摘要：The genetic characteristics and diversity of 21 experimental chicken lines registered with the National BioResource Project of Japan were examined using mitochondrial D-loop sequences and 54 microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 12 haplotypes were detected in the 500-bp mitochondrial DNA sequences of the hypervariable segment I for 349 individuals of 21 lines. The 12 haplotypes belonged to three (A, D, and E) haplogroups, out of the eight (A‒H) common haplogroups in domestic chickens and red junglefowls. The haplogroups A and D were widely represented in indigenous chickens in the Asian and Pacific regions, and the haplogroup E was the most prevalent in domestic chickens. Genetic clustering by discriminant analysis of principal components with microsatellite markers divided 681 individuals of 21 lines into three groups that consisted of Fayoumi-, European-, and Asian- derived lines. In each of the cladograms constructed with Nei’s genetic distances based on allele frequencies and the membership coefficients provided by STRUCTURE and with the genetic distance based on the proportion of shared alleles, the genetic relationships coincided well with the breeding histories of the lines. Microsatellite markers showed remarkably lower genetic heterozygosities (less than 0.1 observed heterozygosity) for eight lines (GSP, GSN/1, YL, PNP, BM-C, WL-G, BL-E, and #413), which have been maintained as closed colonies for more than 40 years (except for #413), indicating their usefulnessas experimental chicken lines in laboratory animal science research.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Mouse NC/Jic strain provides novel insights into host genetic factors formalaria research

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    机译 小鼠NC / Jic品系为宿主遗传因子提供了新的见解疟疾研究
    摘要：Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases in humans. Infection can result in severe complications such as cerebral malaria, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute renal injury. These complications are mainly caused by P. falciparum infection and are major causes of death associated with malaria. There are a few species of rodent-infective malaria parasites, and mice infected with such parasites are now widely used for screening candidate drugs and vaccines and for studying host immune responses and pathogenesis associated with disease-related complications. We found that mice of the NC/Jic strain infected with rodent malarial parasites exhibit distinctive disease-related complications such as cerebral malaria and nephrotic syndrome, in addition to a rapid increase in parasitemia. Here, we focus on the analysis of host genetic factors that affect malarial pathogenesis and describe the characteristic features, utility, and future prospects for exploitation of the NC/Jic strain as a novel mouse model for malaria research.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Effects of housing conditions on behaviors and biochemical parameters injuvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

    包量

    机译 居住条件对动物行为和生化参数的影响食蟹猕猴（猕猴fascicularis）
    摘要：To investigate the effects of environmental enrichment on laboratory monkeys, we studied behavioral and physiological differences following changes in housing conditions. Ten male and female juvenile cynomolgus monkeys were first housed in pairs for 8 weeks after quarantine/acclimatization (singly housed) and subsequently housed alone for the next 8 weeks. Monkeys were subjected to evaluations of body weight gain, stereotypic or affiliative behaviors, cortisol, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS) and catecholamine concentrations in biological samples, and blood chemistry tests under both housing conditions. Under paired housing, the stereotypic behavioral score decreased in both sexes, and the affiliative behavioral score increased in males and showed an increasing trend in females. Under single housing, the stereotypic score increased in both sexes, and the affiliative score decreased in males. Paired housing decreased serum calcium and urine cortisol concentrations in both sexes and decreased plasma cortisol in males and plasma 4EPS concentrations in females. The stereotypic score was positively correlated with serum calcium, plasma and urine cortisol, and plasma 4EPS concentration and negatively correlated with the affiliative score. The feces painting score, affiliative score, and plasma cortisol and serum calcium concentrations showed sex differences, suggesting differences in responsiveness to environmental changes between males and females. Inconclusion, paired housing improved behavioral abnormalities in juvenile cynomolgusmonkeys, suggesting that it may be an effective environmental enrichment paradigm.Calcium, cortisol, and 4EPS concentrations in biological samples may be useful indices forevaluating the effects of environmental enrichment.
  • 9.

    【2hr】A rat model of serous borderline ovarian tumors induced by7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

    包量

    机译 卵巢浆液性交界性卵巢肿瘤的大鼠模型。7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽
    摘要：Serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOTs) behave between benign cystadenomas and carcinomas, and the effective detection and clinical management of SBOTs remain clinical challenges. Because it is difficult to isolate and enrich borderline tumor cells, a borderline animal model is in need. 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is capable of inducing the initiation, promotion, and progression of serous ovarian tumors. This study aims to investigate the proper dosage and induction time of DMBA for rat models of SBOTs, and explore their morphological features demonstrated by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and molecular genetic characteristics. Rats were randomly divided into six groups (1 mg/70 D, 2 mg/70 D, 3 mg/70 D, 2 mg/50 D, 2 mg/90 D, and 2 mg/110 D). The 3 mg/70 D group induced the most SBOTs (50.0%, 12/24). The micropapillary projections were shown on MR imaging, which was the characteristic of SBOTs. The Cyclin D1 characterizing an early pathogenetic event strongly expressed in induced serous benign tumors (SBTs). The immunoreactivity staining scores of P53 expression significantly increased from SBTs, SBOTs to serous ovarian carcinomas (SCAs), which elucidate that P53 might be a promising biomarker to grade serous ovarian tumors. Based on morphological and molecular genetic similarities, this rodent SBOT model was suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of serous ovarian tumors and developing an early detection strategy.
  • 10.

    【2hr】MiR-206-3p alleviates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic painthroughtargeting HDAC4

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    机译 MiR-206-3p减轻了慢性压迫性损伤引起的神经性疼痛通过定位HDAC4
    摘要：It was identified that microRNAs were involved in the regulation of chronic neuropathic pain. However, the role of miR-206-3p in neuropathic pain was still unclear. In the current study, the role of miR-206-3p, a type of mature miR-206, in neuropathic pain was investigated. The potential mechanisms were also explored. We found that the expression of miR-206-3p decreased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury (CCI) rats, whereas the While histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) level increased. Further exploration showed that administration of a miR-206-3p mimic alleviated neuropathic pain and reduced the level of HDAC4, a predicted target of miR-206-3p. Overexpression of HDAC4 attenuated the effects of miR-206-3p on neuropathic pain. Our data revealed a miR-206-3p-HDAC4 signal that played a potentially important role in CCI-induced neuropathic pain.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Species differences in lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities:comparative studies of animal models of lifestyle-related diseases

    包量

    机译 脂蛋白脂肪酶和肝脂肪酶活性的物种差异：生活方式相关疾病动物模型的比较研究
    摘要：Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) have an important role in lifestyle-related diseases. To evaluate species differences, we compared LPL and HTGL activities in different animal models of lifestyle-related diseases using the same assay kit. Normal animals (JW rabbits, ICR mice, and SD rats), a hypercholesterolemic animal model (WHHLMI rabbits), and obese animal models (KK-Ay mice and Zucker fatty rats) fed standard chow were used in this study. Plasma was prepared before and after an intravenous injection of heparin sodium under fasting and feeding. LPL and HTGL activities were measured with the LPL/HTGL activity assay kit (Immuno-Biological Laboratories) using an auto-analyzer. Only in mice, high HTGL activity was observed in pre-heparin plasma. In normal animals, LPL and HTGL activities were high in ICR mice and SD rats but low in JW rabbits. Compared to normal animals, LPL activity was high in Zucker fatty rats and WHHLMI rabbits at both fasting and feeding, while LPL activity after feeding was low in KK-Ay mice. HTGL activity was higher in fasted and fed WHHLMI rabbits and fasted Zucker fatty rats, but was lower in fed KK-Ay mice. Gender difference was observed in HTGL activity in SD rats and LPL activity in WHHLMI rabbits but not in ICR mice. In conclusion, this simple assay method was effective for measuring LPL and HTGL activities ofexperimental animals, and the activities are highly regulated depending on animal species,animal models, feeding/fasting conditions and genders.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Effect of combined sublethal X-ray irradiation and cyclosporine A treatmentin NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice

    包量

    机译 亚致死X射线联合环孢素A治疗的效果在NOD scidγ（NSG）小鼠中
    摘要：Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). GvHD is the most severe side effect of allogeneic HSCT and efficient therapies are lacking. Mouse models are an essential tool for assessing potential new therapeutic strategies. Our aim is to mimic a clinical setting as close as possible using CsA treatment after sublethal irradiation in NSG mice and thereby evaluate the feasibility of this mouse model for GvHD studies. The effect of CsA (7.5 mg/kg body weight) on sublethally X-ray irradiated (2 Gy) and non-irradiated NSG mice was tested. CsA was administered orally every twelve hours for nine days. Animals irradiated and treated with CsA showed a shorter survival (n=3/10) than irradiated animals treated with NaCl (n=10/10). Furthermore, combined therapy resulted in severe weight loss (82 ± 6% of initial weight, n=7, day 8), with weight recovery after the CsA application was ceased. A high number of apoptotic events in the liver was observed in these mice (0.431 ± 0.371 apoptotic cells/cm2, n=2, compared to 0.027 ± 0.034 apoptotic cells/cm2, n=5, in the non-irradiated group). Other adverse effects, including a decrease in white blood cell counts were non-CsA-specific manifestations of irradiation. The combination of CsA treatment with irradiation has a hepatotoxic and lethal effect on NSG mice, whereas the treatment without irradiation is tolerated.Therefore, when using in vivo models of GvHD in NSG mice, a combinedtreatment with CsA and X-ray irradiation should be avoided or carefully evaluated.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Protective effects of sulforaphane on diabetic retinopathy: activation of theNrf2 pathway and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome formation

    包量

    机译 萝卜硫烷对糖尿病性视网膜病变的保护作用：激活Nrf2途径和NLRP3炎性体形成的抑制
    摘要：Sulforaphane (SFN) is abundant in cruciferous plants, providing significant protection against many chronic diseases. With the aim of clarifying the efficacy of sulforaphane in diabetic retinopathy (DR), a series of systematic studies were carried out in the present study. Male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg), and those with confirmed diabetes mellitus were given different doses of SFN (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks. In vitro, Müller cells exposed to 25 mM glucose were treated with 2.5 µM SFN. The results indicated that SFN significantly reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, and CAT) in the retina of STZ rats. Further, SFN enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and increased the expression of HO-1 and NQO1, two major antioxidants downstream to Nrf2, in the injured retina. In addition, retinal expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 p20, IL-1β p17, and ASC were dramatically increased in STZ-induced DR, and this was abolished by SFN intervention. In vitro, high glucose-induced inflammation and oxidative stress damage in Müller cells were attenuated by SFN. SFN also exerted antioxidant effects, activated the Nrf2 pathway, and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in Müller cells. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that SFN attenuates retinal inflammation andoxidative stress induced by high glucose and activates the antioxidative Nrf2 pathway andinhibits the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and invitro.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Continuous measurement of locomotor activity during convalescence andacclimation in group-housed rats

    包量

    机译 持续测量恢复期的运动能力集体饲养的大鼠的适应
    摘要：Locomotor activity is affected by a range of factors in addition to experimental treatment, including the breeding environment. Appropriate convalescence and acclimation are important for animal experiments, because environmental changes and physical burden can result from surgery, transportation, and cage exchange. However, the duration that locomotor activity is affected by these factors is currently unclear, because it has traditionally been difficult to measure locomotor activity in multiple group-housed animals in any location other than the analysis room. In the present study, we analyzed the locomotor activity of group-housed rats using a nano tag® after surgery, transportation, and cage exchange. The nano tag®, a new device for analyzing activity, can measure locomotor activity in laboratory animals with no limitation on the number of animals in same cage. Any type of cage can be used for analysis, at any time of day, and in any location. Nano tags® were subcutaneously implanted in male rats (F344/NSlc, 6 weeks of age) and locomotor activity was continuously measured after surgery, transportation, and cage exchange. Significant activity changes were observed in rats after transportation and cage exchange, 9 days and 3 h after the event, respectively. The results suggest that continuous measurement of locomotor activity with nano tags® can be used to monitor changes in activity induced by environmentalchanges, and will be helpful for designing animal experiments analyzing locomotoractivity.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Optimal implantation site of transponders for identification of experimentalswine

    包量

    机译 用于识别实验的应答器的最佳植入位置猪
    摘要：Use of transponders, small electronic identification devices, in experimental swine is expected to be more reliable than the current common use of ear tags. However, it is necessary to determine the optimal implantation site for transponders with high readability, retentionability (i.e., long-term retention in tissues without detachment or loss), and biocompatibility, as this has not yet been investigated. Thus, we aimed to determine the optimal implantation site. Two types of transponders were subcutaneously implanted into four different sites (ear base, ear auricle, ventral neck, and back) in 3 domestic swine each. The transponders were scanned at 1, 2, 3, and 84 days after implantation. The location of the transponders was examined by X-ray and echography at 84 days. Histopathological examinations were performed at 84 days. The transponders in the back were successfully scanned in a shorter time than those in other implantation sites, without any re-scanning procedures. X-ray examination revealed one transponder in the ventral neck was lost, whereas those in the other sites were retained in their original location for 84 days. Echography indicated that the transponders in the back were retained more deeply than those in other implantation sites, suggesting better retentionability. Acceptable biocompatibility was confirmed in all implantation sites, as evidenced by the finding that all transponders were covered by a connective tissue capsule without severeinflammation. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that the back is the optimalimplantation site for transponders in experimental swine.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Fetal and early postnatal development of the porcine tonsils of the softpalate

    包量

    机译 猪扁桃体的胎儿及产后早期发育口感
    摘要：Tonsils are mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues located at the openings of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, which play a key role in the surveillance of inhaled or ingested pathogens and can concurrently be reservoirs of infectious agents. Therefore, tonsils are important for the immunology and hygiene management of domestic animals, including pigs. However, the process of their fetal developmental has been poorly described, at least in part, because rodents lack tonsils. Therefore, we performed a histological analysis of porcine tonsils of the soft palate from 60 to 100 days of gestation (DG) and from 2 to 14 days post partum (DP). This analysis showed that lymphoid aggregations first appear at DG65, gradually develop during the fetal stage, and expand after birth. In addition, the mRNA expression of chemokine genes involved in lymphoid aggregation and localization was analyzed. CCL19 expression showed the most marked increase and a sharp peak after birth. CCL21 expression changed moderately but showed an interesting bimodal pattern. CXCL13 expression steadily increased throughout the study period. Thus, we demonstrated the mRNA expression of chemokine characteristically changed accompanying tonsillar development.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Paromomycin sulfate is an effective treatment for balantidiasis in captivecynomolgus monkeys

    包量

    机译 硫酸巴龙霉素可有效治疗圈养动物的平衡病食蟹猴
    摘要：There are few effective antimicrobial agents against Balantidium coli infection. The effect of paromomycin sulfate (PS) against B. coli was confirmed in this study of 596 captive cynomolgus monkeys. In several trials, the minimum dose and duration of oral administration of PS were 25 mg/day for 5 + 5 days, with a 2-day withdrawal interval. To facilitate daily PS administration, pumpkin cakes supplemented with PS were made, which not only resulted in precise effects but also increased the efficiency of preparation and administration of PS by the animal care staff. No cysts or trophozoites were detected at 14 or 16 days after the last treatments. There were no obvious differences in blood and biochemical parameters between before and after administration of PS. These results indicate that PS is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects. These data could contribute to the control of microbiological pathogens during veterinary care and colony management in primate facilities.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Chimeric analysis with newly established EGFP/DsRed2-tagged ES cells identifyHYDIN as essential for spermiogenesis in mice

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    机译 使用新建立的带有EGFP / DsRed2标签的ES细胞进行嵌合分析HYDIN是小鼠精子发生必不可少的
    摘要：The CRISPR/Cas9 system can efficiently introduce biallelic mutations in ES cells (ESCs), and its application with fluorescently-tagged ESCs enables phenotype analysis in chimeric mice. We have utilized ESCs that express EGFP in the cytosol and acrosome [EGR-G101 129S2 × (CAG/Acr-EGFP) B6] in previous studies; however, the EGFP signal in the sperm cytosol is weak and the signal in the acrosome is lost after the acrosome reaction, precluding analysis between wild type and ESC derived spermatozoa. In this study, we established an ESC line from RBGS (Red Body Green Sperm) transgenic mice [B6D2-Tg (CAG/Su9-DsRed2, Acr3-EGFP) RBGS002Osb] whose spermatozoa exhibit green fluorescence in the acrosome and red fluorescence in the mitochondria within the flagellar midpiece that is retained after the acrosome reaction. We utilized these new ESCs to analyze HYDIN, which is reported to function in sperm motility in humans. Analysis of Hydin-disrupted spermatozoa in mice is difficult as Hydin-mutant mice (hy3) die within 3 weeks, before sexual maturation, due to hydrocephaly. To circumvent the early lethality of the whole-body knockout, we disrupted Hydin in RBGS-ESCs and generated chimeric mice, which survived into sexual maturity. Hydin-disrupted spermatozoa obtained from the chimeric mice possessed short tails and were immotile. Whenwe injected Hydin-disrupted spermatozoa into oocytes, heterozygous pupswere obtained, which suggests that the genome of Hydin-disruptedspermatozoa can produce viable pups. Consequently, RBGS-ESCs can be a useful tool forscreening and analysis of male-fertility related genes in chimeric mice.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in various arteries of WHHLMIrabbits, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia

    包量

    机译 WHHLMI各个动脉的动脉粥样硬化病变分布兔，家族性高胆固醇血症动物模型
    摘要：In WHHLMI rabbits, arterial lesions develop spontaneously in various arteries even with standard chow. Here, we examined the development of arterial lesions in various arteries to demonstrate standard characteristics of arterial lesions in WHHLMI rabbits. For WHHLMI rabbits at 6, 12, 20, and 30 months of age, lesion areas and areas of arterial lumen surfaces were measured using image analysis software. Histopathological sections of arterial lesions were stained with elastic van Gieson staining. Arterial lesions developed around bifurcations and expanded with aging. In the aorta, atheromatous lesions were severe in the thoracic aorta but were mild in the distal part of the abdominal aorta. Carotid artery lesions progressed in the proximal region and at bifurcations, and the histopathological features were similar to those of coronary lesions. Pulmonary artery lesions contained many foam cells. Fibrous lesions were observed in the proximal and distal areas of the renal arteries, at the bifurcation of the iliac-femoral artery and mesenteric artery, and around the anastomosis of vertebral arteries. Lesions in the celiac artery contained foam cells and/or lipid droplets within fibrous lesions. In a pair of right and left arteries, the arterial lesions tended to progress more in the right artery. Gender did not affect analysis of arterial lesions. In conclusion, the arterial lesions expanded from bifurcations, and the morphological features of the arterial lesions varieddepending on the type of artery. These results serve as reference data for arteriallesions in studies using WHHLMI rabbits.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells retain capability of invitro cardiac differentiation

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    机译 兔诱导的多能干细胞保留了体外心脏分化
    摘要：Stem cells are promising cell source for treatment of multiple diseases as well as myocardial infarction. Rabbit model has essentially used for cardiovascular diseases and regeneration but information on establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiation potential is fairly limited. In addition, there is no report of cardiac differentiation from iPSCs in the rabbit model. In this study, we generated rabbit iPSCs by reprogramming rabbit fibroblasts using the 4 transcription factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-Myc). Three iPSC lines were established. The iPSCs from all cell lines expressed genes (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and NANOG) and proteins (alkaline phosphatase, OCT-3/4 and SSEA-4) essentially described for pluripotency (in vivo and in vitro differentiation). Furthermore, they also had ability to form embryoid body (EB) resulting in three-germ layer differentiation. However, ability of particular cell lines and cell numbers at seeding markedly influenced on EB formation and also their diameters. The cell density at 20,000 cells per EB was selected for cardiac differentiation. After plating, the EBs attached and cardiac-like beating areas were seen as soon as 11 days of culture. The differentiated cells expressed cardiac progenitor marker FLK1 (51 ± 1.48%) on day 5 and cardiac troponin-T protein (10.29 ± 1.37%) on day 14. Other cardiac marker genes(cardiac ryanodine receptors (RYR2), α-actinin andPECAM1) were also expressed. This study concluded that rabbit iPSCsremained their in vitro pluripotency with capability of differentiationinto mature-phenotype cardiomyocytes. However, the efficiency of cardiac differentiationis still restricted.
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